hoa 1 and 2

megalith

giant monoliths in prehistoric society

dolmen

literally means stone table and used as grave sites

stonehenge

best known stone circle in wiltshire, england

skara brae

oldest neolithic settlement to date in europe

gobekli tepe

oldest sanctuary or place of worship in the world

jericho

oldest city in the world

paleolithic period

prehistoric age when early men hunted and gathered food and lived in rock shelters

tumulus

prehistoric mound used as a grave site

wigwam

native american domical structure made up of organic materials

tipi

native american conical structure made up of stretched animal skin

cahokia mounds

prehistoric truncated earthen mounds in illinois, usa

central america

the olmec, mayan, toltec, and aztec cultures flourished in _____

temple pyramids

common among the olmec, mayan, toltec, and aztec cultures was the development of

mesopotamia

land between the rivers tigris and euphrates

cunieform

considered as the earliest form of writing in sumer

ziggurat of ur

temple pyramid built in mesopotamia

harem

in an assyrian palace, this space was reserved for the prince and his family

caravanserai

lodging for a caravan in ancient assyria

mastaba

precursor or antecedent of the pyramid as a burial site in ancient egypt

imhotep

architect of the step pyramid of zoser in sakkara

ceneferu

before the true pyramid came there was the bent pyramid of _____

hypostyle hall

space characterized by columns supporting the ceiling

papyrus

plant used for making paper in egypt

temple of amun in karnak

most imposing temple complex in egypt

intercolumniation

distance between columns in a classical temple

crepidoma

the columns in a greek temple rest on a series of steps known as _____

doric

the simplest of the classical orders of architecture

acropolis

sacred precinct in athens located on a hill and home to the parthenon

caryatid

female column

canephora

female column with a basket on top of the head

tholos

circular classical temple

golden ratio

mathematical relationship used in sacred geometry especially in art and architecture

arris

resulting line caused by tje intersection of two flutes in a column

bouleuterion

greek council house

composite

architectural order that combines the ionic and the corinthian elements

octastyle pseudopreipteral

temple with eight columns in front and columns at the longitudinal sides attached to the cella walls

pozzolan

volcanic ash used by the romans in concrete work

vitruvius

roman engineer and architect who wrote de architectura

catacomb

underground gravesite with niches and narrow passageways

aqueduct

roman arcuated structure that brought water from the countryside urban areas

circus

roman structure for chariot racing

acropolis

sacred citadel in athens

via appia

first street constructed in rome that led to the different parts of the roman empire

colosseum

gladiatorial fights in rome were held in the ____

forum

the roman agora

tuscan and composite

roman classical orders

basilica

the early christian church followed the ____ plan

feudalism

the rise of ____ in europe during the medieval period saw the construction of autonomous or petty kingdoms and castle architecture

moorish

the alhambra in spain is characteristic of _____ style

filippo brunelleschi

first renaissance architect

churrigueresue

elaborate form of baroque found in spain and portugal

mannerism

transition style from renaissance to baroque

victorian period

historical revivalism in architecture was the trend during the ____

all except a (art nouveau, judgendstil, stile liberty)

industrialization and mass production resulted in a secessionist style that anchored itself on the natural forms of plants

(b and c) romanesque period and dark ages

the motte-and-bailey catsle configuration arose during the ____

Fuedalism

The rise of ____ in europe during the medieval period saw the construction of autonomous or petty kingdoms and castle architecture

perpendicular period

the english gothic style where very high walls are integrated with soaring stained glass windows

inigo jones

he introduced the renaissance in england

eiffel tower

a 19th century landmark in paris exemplifying modern innovations in building engineering and technology

thomas jefferson

monticello by ____ exemplifies american neoclassical architecture

rococo

this style is characterized by pastel colors and a lot of gliding

frank lloyd wright

famous american for harmonizing architecture with the natural landscape

mies van der rohe

less is more.

bauhaus

early 20th century influential school in the fields of fine arts, industrial design and architecture

niemeyer

the brise soleil or the sun breaker is an architectural element introduced by ____

eero saarinen

the plasticity of thin shell reinforced concrete was playfully explored by ____

Post modern architecture

Characterized by modern architecture infused with elements of the historical styles

post modern architecture

michael graves is an exponent of

beijing, china

the “birds nest” olympic stadium is found in ____

brutalism

style that displays the raw beauty of concrete

burj khalifa

tallest building in the world today

marina bay sands

moshe safdie architects designed

i.m. pei

architect of the bank of china tower in hong kong

art nouveau

style defined by curvilinear sinuous lines with naturalistic tendrils evoking foliate motifs

daniel burnham

chicago architect and planner who promoted the city beautiful movement

I.M. Pei

Architect of the glass pyramid of the louvre museum in paris

falling water

iconic work of frank lloyd wright blending the beauty of the landscape with architecture

pendentives

byzantine contribution to dome building construction

hagia sophia

foremost byzantine temple

mission style

style characterized by elements inspired by the hispanic and native american cultures and distinctly found in the united states

bungalow

architectural type inspired by a low-gabled structure usually one or one and a half storied with its roof extended over a front porch

prairie house

american architectural style usually used for dwellings, characterized by distinct Japanese influence, horizontality, free flowing spaces, hipped roofs with broad eaves

art deco

the chrysler building in new york is in ____ style

frank lloyd wright

promoter of usonia architecture

de stijl

dutch artistic movement influenced by cubism

philip johnson

the glass house in connecticut was by _____

international style

seagram building’s style by ludwig mies van der rohe

post modernism

robert venturi is an exponent of ____