Anatomy of Articulation and Resonance part 0

Nasal passages, oral cavity, and larynx

Vocal tract definition

Pharynx

Tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities

Source-filter theory

Explains how speech sounds are produced using a source and a filter

Source

Where the sound comes from

Larynx (voiced phonemes)

Constriction in the vocal tract (voiceless phonemes/noise).

Sources of sound ARE

Filter

How the sound is shaped

Oral, pharyngeal, and nasal passages and cavities

The filter consists of:

yes

Can voiced and voiceless sources occur simultaneously?

Articulation (general)

Process of joining or moving two elements together

Articulation (speech)

Bringing two or more structures together to form speech sounds

They form differently shaped spaces in the vocal tract

How do articulatory movements affect speech?

The size and shape of spaces in the vocal tract

What determines phoneme quality?

Articulators

Structures used to produce speech sounds

• Mandible (lower jaw), including lower teeth

• Lips

• Tongue

• Velum

• Vocal folds

Mobile articulators are

• Maxillae (upper jaw), and including the upper teeth

• Hard palate

• Alveolar ridge

Immobile articulators are

muscle attachments for speaking/swallowing, resonating chambers, and craniofacial/neural importance

Why study the bones of the face and cranium?

Communication and swallowing difficulties

What can developmental malformations cause?

Cleft lip, cleft palate, and other craniofacial abnormalities

Examples of developmental malformations

Mandible, maxillae, nasal bones, palatine bones, vomer, zygomatic bone

Facial bones: list

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Cranial bones: list

 Ramus

 Coronoid process

 Condylar process

 Mylohyoid line

 Mental symphysis

 Dental alveoli (alveolar process)

Mandible: Important features

Ramus

Vertical portion of the mandible

Corpus

Body of the mandible

Angle

Corner where the corpus and ramus meet

Coronoid process

Anterior projection of the mandible

Condylar process

Posterior projection of the mandible

Mandibular notch

Indentation between the coronoid and condylar processes

Mylohyoid line

Anatomical feature on the inner surface of the mandible

Mental symphysis

Midline region where the two halves of the mandible join

Dental alveoli (alveolar process)

Areas of the mandible that contain the teeth

Mental foramen

Opening visible on the anterior mandible.

Mandibular foramen

Opening on the inner surface of the mandible.

Lingula

Small projection near the mandibular foramen

Occlusion

movement 1

Mandible lowered (hinge-like action)

movement 2

Mandible moved forward (gliding action

movement 3

Front of mandible moved to side (gliding action)

movement 4

Palpation order (medial to lateral):

1. Mental symphysis

2. Corpus

3. Angle

4. Ramus

5. Mandibular notch

6. Condylar and coronoid processes

Temporomandibular joint; joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone

TMJ

Condyle of the mandible

What fits into the cavity of the temporal bone?

Articular disk

Structure separating the mandibular condyle from the cavity in the temporal bone

Fibrous capsule

Surrounds the TMJ

Synovial fluid

Lubricates the TMJ

Temporomandibular ligament

Ligament associated with the TMJ

Sphenomandibular ligament

Ligament associated with the mandible and sphenoid

Stylomandibular ligament

Ligament associated with the mandible and styloid region

Occlusion

Teeth are together

Depression

Mandible moves downward (hinge-like action)

Protrusion

Mandible moves forward (gliding action)

Lateral excursion

Mandible moves from side to side (gliding action)

Micrognathia

Developmental condition involving a small mandible or retrognathia

Retrognathia

Described in the slides alongside a small mandible

There may not be enough room for the tongue on the floor of the mouth

What happens to tongue space with micrognathia?

Tongue may move upward into the maxillary/palatine area during development, resulting in cleft palate.

How can micrognathia contribute to cleft palate?

Yes, it may still cause functional articulation problems

Can micrognathia cause problems without cleft palate?

Maxillae

Bones of the upper jaw and parts of the nose and palate

Singular of maxillae

Maxilla

Maxillary processes

Named according to the structures with which they articulate

Frontal process

Identifiable process of the maxilla

Infraorbital margin

Identifiable margin of the maxilla

Zygomatic process

Identifiable process of the maxilla

Nasal crest

Identifiable feature of the maxilla

Alveolar process

Part of the maxilla associated with the teeth

Palatine process

Part of the maxilla forming part of the palate

Incisive foramen

Opening identified on the maxilla

Canine fossa

Depression identified on the maxilla

Intermaxillary suture

Suture between the maxillae

Premaxillary suture

Suture identified in the maxillary region