EXAM 1 + quick write environment justice

Distributive justice

refers to the equitable allocation of resources and benefits among individuals in society. It emphasizes fair distribution based on need, merit, or contribution.

Rawls (Distributive justice )

Differene principle- Only time to support inequality is when it benefits the least advantaged members of society.

• opposite utilitarianism

original position- a hypothetical situation where individuals choose principles of justice without knowing their own status in society.

veil of injustice- a metaphorical barrier that prevents individuals from knowing their social position while determining justice principles.

maximin- a strategy that prioritizes the maximum possible outcome for the least advantaged, ensuring they receive the best possible benefit in a system of distributive justice.

3 other theorys to distribtution

Just deserts

Need based

differenece position

procedural justice

is a concept that focuses on the fairness of the processes and methods used to allocate resources and make decisions in society, ensuring that all individuals have equal opportunity to participate in these processes.

conditions:

must be able to participate

must be able to have influence

nuance:

tyranny of participation

FraseRRR ( procedural justice)

Representation- voice

recognition- status

redistrbution- resources

“ parity of participation”

• people must be seen as peers

Rawls typology ( procedural justice)

Perfect procedural justice — the procedure guarantees a just outcome.

Imperfect procedural justice — the procedure makes a just outcome likely.

Pure procedural justice — there is nothing beyond the procedure itself to judge whether the outcome is just. Environmental Justice_ Introduc…

Recognition justice

is focused on acknowledging and respecting the identities, differences, and needs of individuals or groups in society. It emphasizes the importance of giving voice and status to marginalized communities to ensure equitable treatment and resource distribution.

hegel ( Recognition justice)

G.W.F. Hegel, a German philosopher, argued that recognition is essential for individual identity and social cohesion. His views highlight the importance of mutual acknowledgment among individuals to achieve true freedom and justice.

requires mutual acknowledgement

recognition is fundamental

intersubjectivity- our identity is defined by others

honneth ( Recognition justice)

3 principles: love, respect, and social esteem

• not recognizing identity is oppression

Charles Taylor ( recognition justice)

Charles Taylor, a Canadian philosopher, emphasizes the significance of cultural recognition in identity formation. He argues that acknowledging diverse identities is crucial for social cohesion and individual self-realization.

culture must be recognized, basic human need

each community has their own specific needs based on their resources or whatever.

Figueroa ( recognition justice)

bivalent EJ

Figueroa's concept of bivalent EJ reflects the interplay between environmental justice and social equality, emphasizing that both elements must be addressed to achieve fairness and recognition in environmental contexts.

capabilities

Capabilities refer to the various opportunities and freedoms individuals have to achieve well-being and develop their potential. This concept highlights the importance of enabling conditions for individuals to pursue their own goals.

capability ( opportunity) vs functioning ( achievement)

Nussbaum 10 human capabilities

are a set of essential factors proposed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum, outlining the necessary conditions for individuals to live a dignified and flourishing life. These capabilities include health, education, and the ability to engage in political participation.

1 life

2 body health

3 body integrity

4 sense

5 emotion

6 practical realism

7 affiliation

8 play

9 control over environment

10 other

Key claim: These are essential to a life worth of human dignity, a minimum of each is required

Interindividual

differnent people require different thingss

Distributive examples

warren county vs love canal

barrio logan, bridge highway

Bhopai, India

Redlining

fast fashion

recognition examples

warren vs love canal

flint

HMS erebus, inuit population found

segregation Chevron plant

maori

sally hemmings ( TJ wife kids)

procedural examples

laos

indigenous land

2014 world parks congress

segregation Chevron plant

FPIC- Free, Prior and Informed Consent

navajo nation

capability examples

freshwater

resources

energy

What is Rodríguez's main argument?

Justice requires transforming colonial power, knowledge, and ways of being.

What is decolonial environmental justice?

Challenging ongoing colonial domination in environmental governance and development.

What is coloniality?

Colonial power and values persisting after political independence.

How does coloniality differ from colonialism?

Colonialism is formal rule; coloniality is its continuing structures and values.

What is modernity in the chapter?

A worldview privileging Western progress, scientific authority, and human–nature separation.

What was the Global North's early environmental justice focus?

Unequal exposure to pollution, industrial hazards, and environmental burdens.

What distinguishes Latin American environmental justice?

Its strong focus on coloniality, Indigenous struggles, and alternative ways of living.

Who was Robert Bullard?

A pioneer studying racial discrimination in US industrial and waste disposal practices.

What did Schlosberg add to distributive justice?

Recognition, participation, and community capabilities.

What is distributive environmental justice?

Fair distribution of environmental harms, benefits, and resources.

What is recognition justice?

Respecting cultural identities, differences, and community values.

What is procedural justice?

Fair and meaningful participation in decisions.

What are community capabilities?

Communities' real opportunities to function and pursue well-being.

What is accumulation by dispossession?

Depriving communities of shared land, resources, and knowledge for capital accumulation.

Which scholar developed accumulation by dispossession?

David Harvey.

Why do extractive conflicts frequently occur on Indigenous territories?

They contain valuable natural resources targeted by mining, energy, and infrastructure projects.

What are common extractive conflicts in Latin America?

Mining, oil and gas, dams, water privatization, and infrastructure.

What was the Cochabamba Water War?

Bolivian mobilization in 2000 that stopped proposed water privatization legislation.

What did the Pemon resist in Venezuela?

High-voltage power lines threatening their territory and cultural integrity.

What was an achievement of Pemon resistance?

Contributing to 1999 constitutional recognition of Indigenous territorial rights.

What limitation followed the Pemon's legal victory?

Promised territorial property titles remained undelivered decades later.

What happened in Bagua, Peru, in 2009?

Indigenous resistance to extractive decrees led to deadly confrontations.

What did the Embera-Katio oppose in Colombia?

The Urrá hydroelectric project on the Sinú River.

What is a plurinational state?

A state recognizing multiple cultures and differentiated Indigenous rights.

Which countries incorporated Buen Vivir into national frameworks?

Bolivia and Ecuador.

What is Buen Vivir?

An Indigenous vision of living well through harmony, balance, and complementarity.

How does Buen Vivir challenge economic growth?

It prioritizes life, community, and ecological harmony over capital accumulation.

What kinds of diversity does Buen Vivir respect?

Human, cultural, gender, generational, knowledge, and biological diversity.

What is the culture of life?

A communal worldview connecting human life with all forms of existence.

What is the pluriverse?

Multiple interconnected worlds, worldviews, and ways of knowing.

What assumption does the pluriverse reject?

That one universal Western worldview is valid for everyone.

Why wasn't constitutional recognition enough in Bolivia and Ecuador?

Economic growth and extraction remained dominant despite social and legal reforms.

What are the three forms of coloniality?

Power, knowledge, and being.

What is coloniality of power?

Political and economic domination through racial hierarchies and Western institutions.

What is coloniality of knowledge?

Privileging European knowledge while suppressing Indigenous knowledge and worldviews.

What is coloniality of being?

Domination that damages identity, self-worth, and ways of existing.

How can conservation policies reproduce coloniality?

By overriding local authority, banning traditional practices, and stigmatizing communities.

Why does recognition alone fall short?

It may include Indigenous peoples without transforming dominant power structures.

What does constructing 'otherness' mean?

Creating alternative knowledge, politics, institutions, and ways of living.

What is cognitive justice?

Equal legitimacy for diverse knowledge systems and ways of knowing.

Who introduced the term cognitive justice?

Shiv Visvanathan.

What is epistemic violence?

Harm caused by imposing one knowledge system while suppressing others.

What is an ecology of knowledges?

Coexistence and dialogue among different legitimate knowledge traditions.

Why is cognitive justice essential to environmental justice?

Communities must be able to live according to their own knowledge and values.

What is critical interculturality?

Equal dialogue that confronts structural inequalities between cultures.

How does critical interculturality differ from simple consultation?

It transforms unequal conditions of dialogue rather than merely inviting participation.

What is the academic-activist nexus?

Researchers collaborating with activists to challenge injustice and unequal power.

What role should universities play in decolonial justice?

Question whose knowledge counts and support community-defined research agendas.

What are Indigenous Life Plans?

Community-led initiatives supporting cultural revitalization, knowledge, and self-governance.

What is the chapter's central critique of development?

Western definitions of progress can erase Indigenous autonomy, knowledge, and culture.

What is the main argument of Chapter 8?

Degrowth and environmental justice can complement each other in pursuing justice and sustainability.

Why are degrowth and environmental justice potential allies?

Both challenge harmful economic expansion and seek to change how resources are used.

What does environmental justice contribute to degrowth?

Large grassroots movements and practical resistance to environmental exploitation.

What does degrowth contribute to environmental justice?

A broader theoretical roadmap for transforming growth-dependent economies.

What is degrowth?

Democratic, redistributive downscaling and restructuring of production and consumption for well-being.

Where is degrowth particularly directed?

Industrialized economies and wealthy, high-consuming groups worldwide.

Does degrowth simply mean shrinking everything?

No; it selectively reduces harmful activities while expanding care, repair, and other useful work.

What is post-growth?

An approach that questions whether continued economic growth should be society's main goal.

What is a-growth?

Being neutral about GDP growth while prioritizing social and environmental goals.

What is steady-state economics?

An economy with stable population and relatively constant material and energy throughput.

Why do the authors focus on degrowth over other post-growth currents?

They see it as having the greatest potential for transformative social action.

What is an ecological distribution conflict (EDC)?

A conflict over unequal environmental benefits or burdens, such as resources or pollution.

Name three projects that can create EDCs.

Mines, dams, and landfills; roads and fossil-fuel projects are other examples.

What are the three broad types of EDCs in the chapter?

Environmental justice movements, environmental conflicts, and NIMBY mobilizations.

How does an environmental justice movement differ from a single-issue conflict?

It also raises broader moral questions of justice, recognition, power, and participation.

What does NIMBY stand for?

Not In My Backyard.

What does NIABY stand for?

Not In Anyone's Backyard.

Why can the NIMBY label be misleading?

It can dismiss real hazards that local residents understand better than authorities.

What does a shift from NIMBY to NIABY represent?

Moving from local opposition toward protecting all communities from similar harms.

What is social metabolism?

Society's appropriation, transformation, use, and disposal of materials and energy.

What two aspects of social metabolism must be examined?

How much energy and material flows, and who controls their extraction and distribution.

How do both movements aim to change social metabolism?

By reducing ecological harm and transforming the institutions controlling resource use.

What are material concerns in environmental movements?

Physical issues such as water, land, pollution, resources, and livelihoods.