Davi-Ellen Chabner Medical Terminology Chapter 3

amni/o

Aminon (sack of fluid surrounding the embryo)

angi/o

vessel (usually a blood vessel)

Arteri/o

artery

ather/o

Plaque (a yellow, fatty substance)

axil/o

armpit, underarm

bronchi/o & bronchi/o

bronchial tube

carncin/o

cancerous

cardi/o

heart

chem/o

drug, chemical

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

chronic/o

time

col/o

colon (large intestine or bowel)

crani/o

skull

cry/o

cold

cyst/o

urinary bladder or also a sac of fluid or a cyst

encephal/o

brain

hyster/o

uterus

iguin/o

groin (area which the thigh meets the trunk of the body)

isch/o

to hold back

mamm/o

breast (use with -ARY, -GRAPHY, -GRAM, and -PLASTY)

mast/o

breast (use with -ECTOMY and -ITIS)

men/o

menses (menstruation); month

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges (membrane around the brain and spinal cord)

my/o

muscle

myel/o

spinal cord (nervous tissue connected to the brain, located with the spinal column)

MYEL/O can also mean bone marrow (soft, inner part of bones, where blood cells are made).

necr/o

death (of cells)

nephr/o

kidney (use with all suffixes, except -AL and -GRAM; use REN/O with -AL and -GRAM)

oophor/o

ovary

ot/o

ear

pelv/o

hip area

phleb/o

vein

pneumon/o, pulmon/o

lung

radi/o

x-rays

slapping/o

fallopian (uterine) tube

septic/o

pertaining to infection

tonsill/o

tonsil

ur/o

urine or urea (waste material); urinary tract

vascul/o

blood vessel

uremia

Uremia occurs when the kidneys fail to function and urea (a waste material) accumulates in the blood.

pneumonia

The lung is inflamed, causing fluid and material to collect in the air sacs of the lung.

colitis

inflammation of the colon

Meninges—outer layer

dura mater

Meninges—middle layer

arachnoid mater

Meninges—inner layer

pia mater

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix (hangs from the colon in the lower right abdomen)

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa (small sac of fluid near joint)

cellulitis

Inflammation of soft tissue under the skin

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

epiglottitis

Inflammation of the epiglottis (cartilage at the upper part of the windpipe)

myositis

(MYOS/O means muscle) - inflammation of muscle

osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)

thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of a vein with formation of clots

-megaly

enlargement

adenoma

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

Carcinomas

malignant cancerous tumor of of epithelial (skin or lining) tissue in the body. Glands and the linings of internal organs are composed of epithelial tissue.

myoma

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue. Myomas commonly occur in the uterus and are known as fibroids

myosarcoma

Sarcomas are cancerous tumors of connective (flesh) tissue. Muscle, bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, and fat are examples of connective tissues

myeloma

MYEL /O means bone marrow in this term. Also called multiple myeloma, this is a malignant tumor of cells (called plasma cells) in the bone marrow.

leiomyomas

Benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids.

subserosal leiomyomas

mass lies under the serosal (outermost) layer of the uterus

submucosal leiomyoma

grows under the mucosal (innermost) layer

Intramural (mural means wall) leiomyoma

masses arise within the muscular uterine wall.

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage tissue

fibrosarcoma

malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) - (FIBR/O means fibrous tissue)

leiomyosarcoma

Cancer of visceral (attached to internal organs) muscle (LEIOMY/O means visceral or "smooth" muscle)

liposarcoma

Cancer of fatty tissue (LIP/O means fat)

osteogenic sarcoma

cancer of the bone

thymoma

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland (located in the mediastinum)

LEIOMY/O

smooth muscle

visceral

attached to internal organs

Necrosis

tissue death

-osis when used with blood cells means...

When -OSIS is used with blood cell words, it means a

slight increase in numbers of cells.

erythrocytosis - slight increase in # of red blood cells.

leukocytosis - slight increase in non-cancerous white blood cells.

-pathy

disease condition

encephalopathy

disease of the brain

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle.

chronic (ongoing) disease of heart muscle with inflammation and weakness.

myocardial infarction (MI)

an area of heart muscle that has died as a result of ischemia.

adrenopathy

disease of the adrenal gland

lymphadenopathy

disease of the lymph nodes - previously called glands

retinopathy

disease of the retina of the eye

-rrhea

flow, discharge.

ex: diarrhea & rhinorrhea. menorrhea - normal menstural flow

-rrhage or -rrhagia

excessive discharge of blood.

ex: hemorrhage & menorrhage - excessive discharge of blood during menstruation

-sclerosis

abnormal condition of hardening.

EX: atherosclerosis - A fatty plaque (atheroma) collects on the lining of arteries

-uria

urine condition

ex: hematuria - blood in urine. sign of kidney disease or of disorders of the urinary and genital tracts.

-al or -eal

pertaining to.

Describe a part of the body, process, or condition. Don't worry about which suffix (-al, -eal, -ar, -ary, or -ic) to use with a particular organ or root.

EX:

- peritoneal: pertaining to the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds organs in the abdomen.

- inguinal: pertaining to the groin or the area where the legs meet the body.

- vascular: cerebrovascular accident

- axillary: armpit

- chronic: long period of time

- pelvic: pertaining to the hip bones

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid.

ex: amiocentesis: Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac (surrounding the fetus) to withdraw fluid for chemical and chromosomal analysis.

oophorectomy

excision of an ovary

salpingectomy

surgical removal of a fallopian tube

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

mastectomy

surgical removal of a breast

adenectomy

surgical removal of a gland

adenoidectomy

surgical removal of the adenoids

appendectomy

surgical removal of the appendix

colectomy

surgical removal of the colon

laminectomy

Excision of a piece of backbone (lamina) to relieve pressure on nerves from a (herniating) disk

myomectomy

excision of fibroid tumor in a muscle (commonly in the uterus)

pneunomectomy

removal of lung. total pneumonectomy - total lung removal or a lobectomy which is excision of a lobe of the lung.

prostatectomy

removal of the prostate gland

spleenecomy

removal of the spleen