HTML Midterm Review

A set of 50 vocabulary flashcards reviewing key concepts, history, tags, attributes, formatting, SEO, and copyright principles for an HTML midterm.

Ada Lovelace

Widely recognized as the first computer programmer; her work with Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine laid the groundwork for modern computer programming.

Grace Hopper

Developed the first compiler, a crucial tool that simplified programming by translating English terms into machine code understood by computers.

Abstraction

A way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems by hiding technical complexity behind simpler APIs.

Hedy Lamarr

Made a significant contribution to the development of modern Wi-Fi technology.

Katherine Johnson

Provided crucial mathematical calculations for space missions, including the trajectory for the first human orbit of Earth.

Accessibility

One of the five website design concerns; refers to making a site inclusive so screen readers can still access and understand content.

Findability

One of the five website design concerns; ensures the site is searchable so search engines recognize its topic.

Usability

One of the five website design concerns; makes the site relatable so skimmers can understand what each link is for.

Security

One of the five website design concerns; keeps the site safe by ensuring link words accurately match their destination.

Maintainability

One of the five website design concerns; creates efficient, readable, and changeable code for future updates.

robots.txt

A message file placed on a web host that informs crawling spider bots what is and is not accessible to them.

Sitemap

An XML file placed in the top-level folder beside robots.txt that lists URLs and optional metadata to guide web crawlers.

Meta Description Tag

A tag () that provides a brief summary of a website's content to tell search engines and web clients what the page is about.

Black Hat SEO

The practice of using deceptive or unethical techniques (such as keyword stuffing, hidden links, link schemes, or cloaking) to manipulate search engine rankings in violation of guidelines.

White Hat SEO

The practice of optimizing a website using ethical strategies that fully comply with search engine guidelines, including correct tags, accurate descriptions, and honest link and alt text.

Hypertext

Text that contains links to other texts, images, videos, or media.

Markup Language

A computer language that uses tags to generate content within a document.

Indentation in HTML

The universal best practice for developers, used exclusively for human readability, code maintenance, and structural clarity.

HTML Comments

A stand-alone tag formatted as used to leave notes or annotations in the code that are ignored by the browser.

Tag

An HTML tag used to italicize text.

Tag

An HTML tag used to bold text.

^Tag

A superscript HTML tag used for elements raised above the baseline, such as the 2 in $E=MC^2$.

Paired Tags

Tags that wrap around content, consisting of an opening and a closing tag (such as

,

, and ).

Stand-alone Tags

Tags that do not wrap content and exist as single elements (such as

---

,
, , , and ).

Nested Tags

Tags placed inside other tags, such as

elements within a

or
, or , , and inside a .

---

Tag

A stand-alone tag that adds a break between paragraph (

) elements.

Tag

A stand-alone tag that draws a line across the page between elements.

and Tags

Table cells nested inside ; is used for header cells, and is used for ordinary cells.

controls Attribute

A required attribute for

target="_blank"

An optional attribute for anchor () tags that opens an external link in a new tab.

lang Attribute

An attribute of the element that specifies the language of the webpage.

charset Attribute

An attribute of the tag that specifies character encoding to tell the browser how to read characters, with UTF-8 covering almost all of them.

Block-Level Elements

Elements that always start on a new line and expand to take up the full available width of their container.

Inline Elements

Elements that sit side-by-side without starting on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary for their content.

Relative File Addressing Dots

A path navigation notation where one dot (.) specifies the current folder and two dots (..) specify the parent folder.

JPEG

An image format featuring a relatively small file size that is best suited for photographs.

PNG

An image format with a large file size that is good for drawings, logos, and charts regardless of the number of colors.

SVG

An infinitely scalable image format with a relatively small file size, ideal for logos, icons, illustrations, and interactive web graphics.

GIF

An image format suitable for drawings, logos, and charts that contain fewer than 256 colors.

Lossy Compression

A compression technique that permanently discards data to achieve smaller file sizes.

Lossless Compression

A compression technique that retains all original data without throwing anything away.

A paired tag used to embed another site's player; it should never be wrapped in an tag because it is already a link.

Copyright Duration

A legal duration of intellectual property protection that lasts for the author's life plus 70 years for individuals, or 95 years after publication for corporations.

Non-Copyrightable Works

Items excluded from copyright protection, including ideas, facts, titles, short phrases, ingredient lists, government works, domain names, and works without a human author.

Creative Commons (CC)

A licensing framework allowing copyright owners to retain copyright while permitting others to reuse content for free without contacting them, provided license terms are followed.

By Attribution (BY)

A Creative Commons condition requiring users to properly credit the original creator when using, sharing, or adapting a work.

ShareAlike (SA)

A Creative Commons condition allowing alterations to a work only if the modified version is distributed under the exact same license as the original.

NonCommercial (NC)

A Creative Commons license restriction stating that users cannot make money from the work.

NoDerivatives (ND)

A Creative Commons license condition allowing copying and sharing of the original work only in unmodified form, forbidding the distribution of altered material.

Fair Use

A legal doctrine under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act that permits the unlicensed use of copyrighted works as an affirmative defense for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, research, parody, or satire.