Russian Case Deck 5: Instrumental (Творительный падеж)

Practice vocabulary flashcards for Russian Case Deck 5: Instrumental (Творительный падеж), including case functions, question words, noun endings, governing verbs, prepositions, and practical phrase patterns.

Instrumental Case (Творительный падеж)

The Russian grammatical case that expresses the person or thing used to do something, accompaniment, roles, and certain verb complements.

Кем?

Russian question word meaning "by/with whom?" used to ask for an animate noun in the instrumental case.

Чем?

Russian question word meaning "by/with what?" used to ask for an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

Masculine and Neuter Instrumental Singular Endings

Common instrumental singular noun endings: -ом and -ем.

Feminine Instrumental Singular Endings

Common instrumental singular noun endings: -a changes to -ой/-ою, -я changes to -ей/-ею, and -ь often changes to -ью.

С (+ instrumental)

Preposition meaning "with" that governs the instrumental case to indicate accompaniment (e.g., с другом, с сестрой).

Под (+ instrumental)

Preposition taking the instrumental case meaning "under" (e.g., "Книга под столом").

Над (+ instrumental)

Preposition taking the instrumental case meaning "above" (e.g., "Лампа над столом").

Перед (+ instrumental)

Preposition taking the instrumental case meaning "in front of" (e.g., "Машина перед домом").

Между (+ instrumental)

Preposition taking the instrumental case meaning "between" (e.g., "Он стоит между домами").

Заниматься (чем?)

Verb requiring the instrumental case meaning to practice, study, or occupy oneself with something (e.g., заниматься русским языком, заниматься музыкой).

Интересоваться (чем?)

Verb requiring the instrumental case meaning to be interested in something (e.g., "Она интересуется историей").

Гордиться (кем/чем?)

Verb requiring the instrumental case meaning to be proud of someone or something (e.g., гордиться тобой, гордиться нашими учениками).

Работать (кем?)

Verb governing the instrumental case to describe working in a particular job or role (e.g., "Она работает учителем").

Стать (кем?)

Verb governing the instrumental case meaning to become someone or something (e.g., стать врачом, стать переводчиком).

Доволен (чем?)

Short adjective requiring the instrumental case meaning "pleased with" or "satisfied with" (e.g., "Он доволен результатом").

Instrument of an Action (Карандашом, ключом, ложкой)

The direct use of the instrumental case without a preposition to indicate the tool used to perform an action (e.g., писать карандашом, открывать дверь ключом, есть суп ложкой).

Поездом (means of transport)

Instrumental singular form of "поезд" used without a preposition to mean "by train" (e.g., "Мы едем поездом").

Со (preposition variant)

A phonetic variant of the preposition "с" ("with") taking the instrumental case, used before certain consonant combinations (e.g., "со своей собакой").

С подругой

Phrase meaning "with [my] female friend", showing the feminine singular instrumental ending -ой after the preposition "с".

С родителями

Phrase meaning "with [our] parents", showing the plural instrumental ending -ями with the preposition "с".

Встречаться с (+ instrumental)

Verb phrase meaning to meet with someone (e.g., "Завтра я встречаюсь с другом").

Учиться с (+ instrumental)

Verb phrase meaning to learn or study with someone (e.g., "Я учусь с новым преподавателем").

Танцевать с (+ instrumental)

Verb phrase meaning to dance with someone (e.g., "Она танцует с мужем").