L9-kidneys and diuretics 2

wheres do loop diuretics have an effect on in the nephron

the ascending loop of Henle 

describe how sodium rebasoption occurs in  ascending the loop of henle 

what are the two main expamples of loop diuretics

 furosemide and bumetanide

explain how loop diuretics work e.g. furosemide ad bumetanide 

• they work in the ascending loop of henle by inhibiting the NKCC co transporter 

• this causes decreased reabsoption of sodium and chloride ions 

• and causes increased potassium excretion 

• this causes less water reabsorption too, more water remains inside the nephron tubules 

explain the therapeutic use of loop diuretics e.g. furosemdie and bumetanide

they are  the most powerful class of diuretics as this is where theres the most sodium reabsoption usually so it has more of an effect 

where on the nephron do thiazide and thiazide like diuretics work on 

the work on the distal convoluted tubule 

explain the salt reabsoption in the distal conveluted tubule 

explain the action of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics 

they inhibit the sodium/chloride co-transporter decreasing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood so more water remains inside the nephron 
but calcium ion has increased reabsorption 

what are the two main examples of thiazide diuretics 

hydrochlorothiazide and Bendroflumethiazide 

what are the three main examples of thiazide like diuretics 

• chlortalidone

• inapamide

• metolazone 

compare thiazide and thiazide like diuretics with loop diuretics 

what are the theraputic uses of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics 

what are the adverse effects of taking loop and thiazide/like diuretics 

and hypokalaemia

explain why getting hypokalemia is an adverse effect of using loop and thiazide diuretics 

explain how salt is reabsorbed in the collecting duct 

explain the compensatory activation of RAAS

what is the role of aldosterone 

where do potassium sparing diuretics act on in the nephron 

the collecting duct 

what are the two classes of potassiumsparing diuretics 

what is the therapeutic use of potassium sparing diuretics 

whats the adverse effects of using potassium sparing diuretics

hyperkalaemia 

explain the use of vasopressin/ADH in increasing water reabsoption and blood pressure 

• the hypothalamus detects dehydration from high salt concentration in the blood,reduced plasma volume,effect of sympathetic stimulation or angiotesnsin 2 

• it sends signals to the posterior pituatory gland which secretets vassopressin which acts around the body to increase blood pressure and increase water absoption in two ways 

• firstly by acting on the v1 receptor (Gq) which causes blood vessel constriction increasing systemic vascular resistance to increase blood pressure 

• or by acting on the v2 receptor (Gs) which promotes fluid reabsoption in the kidney to increase the plasam volume and then the blood pressure 

explain the action of vassopressin on the collecting duct 

what is diabetes insipidus + the two types 

what are the treatments for the both types of diabetes insipidus DI