Production Medicine MIDTERM 1

What are food animals?

Animal species raised and used for food production or human consumption.

What are food-producing animals?

Animals that produce food or food by-products without slaughter

Why does an animal's intended use matter legally?

Government agencies can regulate its medical care

What are common domestic livestock species?

Cattle

What two major types of cattle are commonly raised?

Dairy cattle and beef cattle.

Where is much U.S. swine production concentrated

and why?

Where is sheep production commonly located in the U.S.?

Western states

Which goats produce mohair and cashmere?

Angora goats produce mohair; Cashmere goats produce cashmere.

What do poultry commonly provide?

Eggs and meat.

How are horses generally classified in the United States?

Mostly as companion animals rather than production animals.

How do ruminants contribute to the human food supply?

They convert roughages and other materials humans cannot directly use into edible food.

What nutrients does meat provide?

Protein

Besides food

what are major uses of livestock?

How can livestock contribute to soil conservation?

Feed grasses and legumes reduce erosion

What is a livestock by-product?

Any product from an animal carcass other than meat.

Name animal by-products used to make human drugs.

Insulin from pancreas

What consumer concerns influence livestock-product demand?

Food safety

How can grade and yield marketing encourage leaner meat?

It pays producers more for leaner carcasses.

What are the three major categories of animal health products?

Feed additives

What are biological animal-health products?

Vaccines

What is a VCPR?

A veterinarian-client-patient relationship; it is required for many veterinary decisions

What does animal welfare focus on?

Humane treatment and minimizing animal suffering through responsible

According to the AVMA

what describes good animal welfare?

How do animal welfare and animal rights differ?

Animal welfare supports humane human use of animals; animal rights asserts animals have inherent rights and should not be treated as human resources/property.

What is animal liberation?

The view that all human use of animals should be eliminated.

What livestock practices are often publicly scrutinized?

Hormones

Which USDA agency enforces federal animal-welfare legislation?

APHIS

What does the Animal Welfare Act establish?

Minimum standards for the care and treatment of covered animals

Are farm animals used for food

fiber

Why is good animal management also economically important?

Well-managed animals are more efficient producers of meat

Name common animal-identification methods.

Ear tags/notching

What are the three steps of the National Animal Identification System (NAIS)?

Identify premises

Why is animal identification important?

It supports management records

What major food-safety issues were listed?

Bacterial contamination

How is food safety commonly evaluated?

By weighing risks and benefits; zero risk is not possible.

Why is livestock genetic diversity important?

It protects against breed extinction and helps maintain traits such as disease and parasite resistance.

How can AI

embryo transfer

What is hybrid vigor?

Improved performance in crossbred offspring compared with parental breeds/lines.

What current trends in animal agriculture were emphasized?

Sustainable production

Immunology Basics for Production Medicine

Why is animal health central to livestock production?

It strongly affects profitability

What is the immune system's overall job?

To recognize

What are the two integrated components of the immune system?

The innate immune system and the adaptive immune system.

What is the innate immune system?

The rapid

When does the innate immune response begin?

Almost immediately after exposure to a challenge.

What are the major components of innate immunity?

Physical barriers

What do innate white blood cells do?

They ingest and kill invading pathogens and secrete substances that enhance the innate response.

What happens during inflammation?

White blood cells are mobilized; if needed

What may prolonged inflammation lead to?

Fever.

How does the adaptive immune system differ from innate immunity?

It takes longer to respond but builds a precise

What is immunologic memory?

The adaptive immune system remembers a previous pathogen and produces a faster