energy continued

solar radiation source includes

solar power, photosynthesis, wind, hydro, and waves

radioactive decay source includes

geothermal

earth’s spin source includes

tides

no minimum price of energy in

a renewable system; can keep getting cheaper as we innovate

how many people have no electricity

650 million

how many people still cook with traditional biomass (wood, dung, other stuff)

2 billion

future of heating

heat pumps, which move heat instead of creating it through resistance

end indoor air pollution with

induction cooking

in 2060 our final energy could fall by

40%

energy storage

batteries charge during the day to release in the evening

pumped hydro

water pumped uphill in cheaper times, flows down for generation during higher demand

hydrogen is better for

high heat applications e.g. industry, because electricity isn’t enoughbl

blue hydrogen

made from natural gas and steam

green hydrogen

made from water electrolysis (with renewable energy)

hydrogen can be used to make

ammonia for chemical production or fuel cellse

energy can also be stored in

oxidizable metal powders, compressed air, gravity mechanism, molten salt, hot rocks/fluids

future long-distance transmission and generation resilience with

superconductors and more HVDC, decentralized mini-grids, distributed production and storage in homes and buildings, and AI-driven grids to balance demand and supply

to make manufactured products for the transition we need

up front mining, but will be offset by recyclability