AP GOV: Foundations of American Democracy (VOCAB QUIZ)

Federalist paper #10

Factions - opposing groups

You cannot control factions, but the U.S. Constitution will do everything to prevent them from getting too violent; a larger republic is best to control the effects of factions

Groups of citizens united by a shared passion or interest that goes against the rights of others or the best interests of the community

Article 1 of the costituition

Legistlatve branch

Article 2 of the consitiution

Executive branch

article 3 of the constitution

Judicial branch

Brutus #1

advocating against the signing of the Constitution

-pro state rights

-feared that signing the Constitution would cause states to lose all of their power and the government would become a democracy

Federalist paper #39

blending of national (Congress) and federal (state) government = republicanism

federalist paper #70

energetic executive

exectuve needs to act quickly

Federalst paper #78

Judicial independence

The pro-constitution essay that emphasized a need for an independent judiciary.

Need for Judicial Review: courts can decide if actiosn asre consitiutional or not

Federalist paper #51

Checks and balances

every branxh is held accountable

Not one branch can get to powerful, power is shared equally

power is limited -so the government doesnt get too powerful

Popular Sovereigenty

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.

Limited Govenment

Governmnet is not all powerful and there are boundraies

federalism

System in which power is divided between national and state or local governments.

republicanism

governmnet of elected representatives shpuld reflect the will of the people

Separation of powers

The Constitutional principle that divides the powers of government into three distinct branches.

• Legistaive

• Executive

• Judicia;

Federalist

-Strong national Government and weak state government

-supported Longer terms

-Didn’t like the Articles of Confederation and demanded change

-Believed a representative government would preserve individual rights

Consent of the governed/popular sovereignty

Government power comes from the consent of its people, subject to their will

Eighth Amendment:

The amendment that protects a person’s right against an unfair and unreasonable, or cruel and unusual, punishment.

Bill of Rights:

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution.

Fourth Amendment:

The amendment that protects people’s rights to privacy and unjust search and seizures.

Pluralism (or Pluralist Theory):

The belief that effective public policy is the result of competition among multiple different interests and groups.

Social Contract:

Agreement in which the government derives their power from the consent of the governed and in exchange, the people agree to limit their rights and participate in an ordered society.

Republic (or Representative Democracy):

A government in which the people are represented by leaders they elected.

Artciles of confederation

The constitution that administered America’s first government, which was characterized by a loose league of friendship between states and a weak central government.

natural rights

Rights inherent to all people that are not dependent upon the government.

The federalist papers

ensures that the constitution is a good thing

 A collection of essays/articles designed to rally support for the ratification of the Constitution.

Anti-Federalist

-Stronger state government and weaker national government

-Demanded a Bill of rights (1st- 10th amendments)

Those citizens who favored a weaker national government and generally opposed the ratification of the Constitution.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Checks and Balances

Constitutional principle that grants each branch some ability to limit the authority of the other branches. (Note: This is the concept most closely related to Federalist No. 51).

Shays Rebellion

An uprising that brought attention to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Great compromise/Connicuticut plan

Bicameral Legislature: 2 chambers

• (virgina plan) Lower house (House of Rep.): population

• (New Jersey Plan) Upper house (Senate): equal representation

Both chambers must pass all legislation

Agreement to have a popularly elected House based on state population and a state-selected Senate, with equal membership for each state.

New Jersey Plan

Small states

Equal state reprensentation

Virgina plan

Large states

Constitutional convention proposal to create a stronger national government with a bicameral legislature based on a state’s population.

Three-Fifths Compromise:

counted 3/5 of a states enslaved population for purposes of reprensentation