Year 8 Maths Worksheet: Ratios, Proportion, Conversions, and Probability

Vocabulary practice flashcards defining core mathematical terms and concepts from the Year 8 Maths Worksheet, covering ratios, direct proportion, metric conversions, scale drawings, two-way tables, and probability.

Ratio

A mathematical comparison of relative quantities (such as $3$ parts orange juice to $5$ parts water or red to blue counters in the ratio $4 : 7$) that should be simplified fully where possible.

Direct Proportion

A relationship between two quantities where an increase in one leads to a consistent, proportional increase in the other, such as five notebooks costing $£8.75$ and calculating the cost of $12$ notebooks assuming equal cost per item.

Constant Rate

A uniform pace of production or movement over time, such as a machine manufacturing $84$ labels in $6$ minutes or a cyclist traveling $27\,\text{km}$ in $1.5\,\text{hours}$.

Speed

A measure of the distance traveled over a given duration of time, commonly expressed in $\text{km/h}$ or converted to $\text{metres per second}$.

Unit Conversion Factors (Distance and Time)

The standard metric and temporal equivalences used for unit changes, specifically $1{,}000\,\text{metres}$ in $1\,\text{kilometre}$ and $3{,}600\,\text{seconds}$ in $1\,\text{hour}$.

Scale Factor

A proportional multiplier used to enlarge or reduce a shape or object, such as applying a factor of $1.75$ to enlarge a photograph measuring $12\,\text{cm}$ wide and $8\,\text{cm}$ high.

Scale Drawing

A proportional graphic representation where a measured distance on paper corresponds to a real-life distance, such as $1\,\text{cm}$ representing $6\,\text{km}$ on a map or $4\,\text{cm}$ representing $10\,\text{m}$ on a plan.

Scale in the Form $1 : n$

A ratio format simplified so the first quantity is $1$, used to compare a model measurement to the actual measurement converted into matching units (such as comparing a $45\,\text{cm}$ model bridge to an $18\,\text{m}$ real bridge).

Two-Way Table

A grid used to organize and solve for unknown values involving two overlapping categorical variables across a group, such as students studying French, Spanish, both languages, or neither.

Sample Space

A complete list of all possible outcomes of one or more experiments, such as all combinations of outcomes when rolling a fair six-sided die and tossing a fair coin.

Expected Number of Times

The predicted frequency with which a specific event will happen across multiple repetitions, calculated by multiplying the theoretical probability of the outcome by the total number of trials (such as $60$ repetitions).