new england flora quiz 2

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Description and Tags

flowers, inflorescences, fruits, general points from habitats and communities

Last updated 11:28 PM on 10/16/26
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46 Terms

1
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sepal

first outermost whorl

  • protects developing flower

  • sometimes attractive


<p>first outermost whorl</p><ul><li><p>protects developing flower</p></li><li><p>sometimes attractive</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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petals

second whorl

  • sometimes attracts animal pollen-vectors


<p>second whorl</p><ul><li><p>sometimes attracts animal pollen-vectors</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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androecium

third whorl

  • stamens produce and protect pollen

  • stamens together

  • made of anther, pollen grains, pollen sacs, anther, filament


<p>third whorl</p><ul><li><p>stamens produce and protect pollen</p></li><li><p>stamens together</p></li><li><p>made of anther, pollen grains, pollen sacs, anther, filament</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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gynoecium

fourth innermost whorl

  • ovaries produced

  • protec ova → seeds

  • carpels together

  • consists of stigma, style, loculus, funicle, ovule, placenta, ovary, ovule


<p>fourth innermost whorl</p><ul><li><p>ovaries produced</p></li><li><p>protec ova → seeds</p></li><li><p>carpels together</p></li><li><p>consists of stigma, style, loculus, funicle, ovule, placenta, ovary, ovule</p></li></ul><p></p>
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corolla

petals together

6
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calyx

sepals together

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tepal

colored sepal

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perianth

outer whorls

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parts of carpel

stigma, style, loculus, finicle, ovule, placenta, ovary, ovule

<p>stigma, style, loculus, finicle, ovule, placenta, ovary, ovule</p>
10
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parts of stamen

anther, pollen grains, pollen sacs, filament

<p>anther, pollen grains, pollen sacs, filament</p>
11
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rules of floral morphology

  • the whorls may NEVER SWITCH PLACES

  • any whorl(s) may be present, reduced in size, or absent

  • inner two whorls may be functional or sterile

  • number of parts in each whorl can range from 0-many

  • all whorls have a common attachment point called the RECEPTACLE

  • the parts within any whorl may be attached to one another (connate) or not

  • parts of any whorl may be attached to the parts of a neighboring whorl (adnate) or not


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connate

parts within a whorl are attached to each other

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adnate

parts of any whorl are attached to the parts of a neighboring whorl

14
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radial symmetry

knowt flashcard image
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bilateral symmetry

knowt flashcard image
16
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superior ovaries

gynoecium positioned above receptacle


<p>gynoecium positioned above receptacle</p><p></p>
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receptacle

where all plant parts meet

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inferior ovaries

gynoecium positioned below receptacle

<p>gynoecium positioned below receptacle</p>
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what type of ovaries do apples have?

inferior

<p>inferior</p>
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what type of ovaries do cherries have?

superior

<p>superior</p>
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perfect

androecia and gynoecia on same flower

  • also known as bisexual, androgynous, hermaphroditic


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imperfect

flower lacking either androecia or gynoecia

  • also known as unisexual


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sterile

flower lacking both androecia and gynoecia

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monoecious

androecia and gynoecia in separate flowers on the same plant

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dioecious

androecia on one plant, gynoecia on another plant

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polygamous

plant with both unisexual and bisexual flowers

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complete

plant with all 4 whorls

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incomplete

plant missing any whorls (including outer)

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flower vs inflorescence

  • flowers evolved from axis with whorled leaves

  • inflorescences evolved from axis with brances


30
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pedicel

stalk just below a single flower in an inflorescences of 1 flower

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peduncle

stalk just below an inflorescence of 1+ flowers

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indeterminate

  • inflorescence that terminates in growing tip

  • based on raceme


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determinate

  • inflorescence with a terminal flower

  • based on cyme


34
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raceme

  • indeterminate inflorescence

  • oldest flowers near base and younger closer to apical meristem


<ul><li><p>indeterminate inflorescence</p></li><li><p>oldest flowers near base and younger closer to apical meristem</p></li></ul><p></p>
35
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panicle

  • raceme but compound

  • series of racemes with oldest at base

  • indeterminate


<ul><li><p>raceme but compound</p></li><li><p>series of racemes with oldest at base</p></li><li><p>indeterminate</p></li></ul><p></p>
36
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spike

  • raceme without pedicels


<ul><li><p>raceme without pedicels</p></li></ul><p></p>
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secund spike

  • one sided spike


<ul><li><p>one sided spike</p></li></ul><p></p>
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corymbs

  • indeterminate inflorescence

  • raceme with lengthened lower pedicels and shorter upper pedicels

  • looks like flat/domed platform which pollinators can land on

  • simple or compound


<ul><li><p>indeterminate inflorescence</p></li><li><p>raceme with lengthened lower pedicels and shorter upper pedicels </p></li><li><p>looks like flat/domed platform which pollinators can land on</p></li><li><p>simple or compound</p></li></ul><p></p>
39
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umbel

  • raceme without internodes

  • indeterminate inflorescence


<ul><li><p>raceme without internodes</p></li><li><p>indeterminate inflorescence</p></li></ul><p></p>
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compound umbel

  • modular repetition of umbel horizontally


<ul><li><p>modular repetition of umbel horizontally</p></li></ul><p></p>
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verticil

  • modular repetition of umbel along pedicel


<ul><li><p>modular repetition of umbel along pedicel</p></li></ul><p></p>
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capitulum

  • umbel that expanded receptacle

  • very common among asterceae


<ul><li><p>umbel that expanded receptacle</p></li><li><p>very common among asterceae</p></li></ul><p></p>
43
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ray flower

  • inferior ovary

  • limb (petal-like part)

  • also has claw which is attached to stamen tube and stigma


<ul><li><p>inferior ovary </p></li><li><p>limb (petal-like part)</p></li><li><p>also has claw which is attached to stamen tube and stigma</p></li></ul><p></p>
44
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disk flower

  • inferior ovary

  • tubular corolla with lobe and stigma/stamen tube on top


<ul><li><p>inferior ovary</p></li><li><p>tubular corolla with lobe and stigma/stamen tube on top</p></li></ul><p></p>
45
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phyllaries

individual, leaf like bracts that form a protective cup/whorl beneath the flower head of plants in asteraceae

<p>individual, leaf like bracts that form a protective cup/whorl beneath the flower head of plants in asteraceae</p>
46
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spadix with spathe

  • modified congested spike with separate m & f flowers


<ul><li><p>modified congested spike with separate m &amp; f flowers</p></li></ul><p></p>