knee joint functions + model key 3+4

What is the function of lateral meniscus?

cushions knee joint

What is the function of medial meniscus?

cushions knee joint

What is the function of femur lateral condyle?

articulates with tibia

What is the function of femur medial condyle?

articulates with tibia

What is the function of patella?

guards knee joint

What is the function of quadriceps tendon?

Helps extend knee

What is the function of patellar ligament?

helps extend knee

What is the function of anterior cruciate ligament?

stabilize knee joint

What is the function of posterior cruciate ligament?

stabilize knee joint

What is the function of tibial collateral ligament?

connects femur and tibia bones in knee joint

What is the function of fibular collateral ligament?

connects femur and fibula in knee joint

What is the function of synovial joint?

permits free movement of joint

What is the function of synovial fluid?

reduces friction for joint mobility

What is the function of synovial membrane?

holds and secretes synovial fluid

What is the function of synovial cavity?

holds synovial fluid

What is the function of marrow cavity?

holds red marrow in children and yellow marrow in adults

Frontal Bone (1/1)

superior orbits, floor of anterior cranial fossa

Parietal Bone (2/2)

form side and top of the cranium,

Occipital Bone (3/3)

forms floor and back of the cranium

Temporal Bone (4/4)

sides of skull, Lateral inferior skull

Ethmoid Bone (5/5)

allows passage of Olfactory nerve, contains sinuses, part of orbit

Sphenoid bone (6/6)

keystone of cranium holds pituitary gland, part of orbit

Anterior cranial Fossa (7/ 54)

anterior part of cranial floor

Middle cranial Fossa (8/ 55)

middle part of cranial floor

Posterior cranial Fossa (9/ 56)

posterior part of cranial floor

Glabella (11)

smooth area between eyes

Squamous part of Frontal Bone (12)

main part of the forehead

Supraorbital Margin (13)

superior border of the eye socket

Supraorbital Foramen (Notch) (14)

allows passage of blood vessels and nerves

Coronal Suture (15/ 23)

articulation between parietal and frontal

Frontonasal Suture (16/ 33)

articulation between nasal and frontal bone

Sagittal Suture (17/ 24)

articulation between the parietal bones

Lambdoid Suture (18/ 25)

articulation between the Occipital bone and Parietals

Squamosal Suture (19/ 28)

articulation between temporal and parietal bones

Foramen Magnum (20/ 48))

Spinal cord passageway

Occipital Condyle (23/ 19)

articulates with the Atlas

Hypoglossal Canal (28/ 68)

Passage for CN #12, the Hypoglossal Nerve

Squamous Region/ Part (29)

found near the parietal bones

Tympanic Region (30)

surrounds external ear opening

Mastoid Process (31/ 5)

site of muscle attachment, infection in this projection can lead to; Mastoiditis

External Auditory (Acoustic) Meatus (32/ 42)

canal that leads to eardrum/ middle ear

Styloid Process (33/ 9)

attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck

Zygomatic process (34/ 6)

with Zygomatic Bone forms Zygomatic arch/ cheek

Occipitomastoid Suture (35/ 26)

articulation between occipital bone and petrous region of temporal

Stylomastoid Foramen (36/ 49)

passage CN #7, the Facial Nerve

Foramen Lacerum (37/ 46)

allows passage of the internal carotid and small nerves

Mandibular Fossa (38/ 8)

socket for the Mandibular Condyle of the Mandible

Carotid Canal (39/ 47)

passageway for Internal Carotid

Petrous Region/ Part (40)

lateral portion of the skull base

Jugular Foramen (41/ 48)

passage for CN #9, 10, 11 and Internal Jugular Vein

Internal Acoustic Meatus (42/ 67)

passage of CN # 7, 8

Sella Turcica (49)

Turk's Saddle, holds Pituitary gland

Hypophyseal Fossa of the Sella Turcica (50/ 63)

holds the Pituitary Gland

Optic Canal (51/ 39)

passageway for the Optic Nerves, CN #2

Superior Orbital Fissure (52/ 39a)

passageway for CN #'s 3, 4, 5, 6

Inferior Orbital fissure (53/ 39b)

nerve passageway

Foramen Rotundum (54/ 66)

allows passage of a branch of the 5th CN

Foramen Ovale (55/ 44)

allows passage of a branch of the 5th CN

Foramen Spinosum (56/ 45)

passage arteries and nerves

Middle Nasal Concha (57)

help turbinate the air coming into nasal cavity

Lateral Masses (of Ethmoid), left & right (58)

Form medial orbital plates

Perpendicular Plate (59)

Superior part of the nasal septum

Crista Galli (60/ 58)

attachment point of the Dura Mater

Cribriform Plate (61/ 59)

holds Olfactory foramina, passageways for the Olfactory CN #1

Horizontal Plate (62)

Cribiform plates and crista galli

Superior Nasal Concha (63)

help turbinate the air coming into nasal cavity

Lacrimal Bone (64/ 14)

part of the eye orbit

Nasal Bone (65/ 12)

forms the bridge of the nose

Zygomatic Bone (66/ 11)

forms part of the cheek

Palatine Bone (67/ 17)

forms part of the hard palate

Vomer (68/ 16)

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Maxilla (69/ 13)

upper jaw, forms part of the hard palate, part of the orbit

Mandible (70/ 20)

lower jaw

Lacrimal Fossa (71/ 40)

passageway for tears

Inferior Nasal Conchae (72)

help turbinate the air coming into nasal cavity

Hard Palate (Palatine processes and the palatine bone) (73)

separates oral and nasal cavities

Horizontal plate (74)

part of palatine bone that forms posterior portion of hard palate

Palatine Processes (75/ 38)

anterior portion of the hard palate

Incisive Fossa (76/ 50)

transmits nasopalatine arteries and blood vessels

Intermaxillary Suture (77/ 37)

unites the palatine processes of the Maxilla

Medial Palatine Suture (78/ 37)

unites the palatine bones

Infraorbital Foramen (79/ 41)

passage of the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels

Alveolar Margin/ Processes (81/ 36)

hold teeth sockets

Body of Mandible (82)

forms the chin

Mental Foramen (83/ 52)

transmits the Mental blood vessels and nerves

Alveolar Margin/ Processes (84)

hold teeth sockets

Mandibular Condyle/ Condylar Process (87/ 22)

articulates with the Mandibular Fossa of the temporal

Coronoid Process (90/ 21)

attachment site for muscles

Mandible foramen

cn #5 mandibular branch and novocain site injection

acromion

Articulates with the lateral / acromial end of clavicle coracoid process

suprascapular notch

allows passage of nerves

coracoid process

Attachment point for some of the muscles of the upper limbs

glenoid cavity

articulates with humerus

if clavicle is fractured what happens

upper arm is immobilized

humerus connects to what and what

glenoid cavity of scapula proximally

ulna and radius distally

coronoid fossa of humerus

attaches to coronoid process of ulna

trochlea

attaches to ulna's trochlea notch

olecranon fossa

for ulna olecranon process

styloid process of radius

attachment point for ligaments of wrist

ulna connects to what and what

articulates with radius / humerus proximally articulates with medial carpals distally (triquetrum)