ADV 1 Exam 3 Lipids

A patient is prescribed a PCSK9 inhibitor. What is the expected physiological outcome at the cellular level?

increased presence of LDL receptors on the hepatocyte cell surface

An individual has a genetic mutation preventing the acquisition of apoC-2 from HDL. Which metabolic process would be directly impaired?

activation of lipoprotein lipase and subsequent clearance of TGs from chylomicrons and VLDL

A patient with a rare genetic mutation lacks functional carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). Which of the following fatty acids would still be able to enter the mitochondria for beta-oxidation without this enzyme?

MFCFA

A patient presents with liver fibrosis due to chronic excessive caloric intake. According to the stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), what stage immediately preceded this condition?

steatohepatitis

A researcher is developing a novel pharmacological agent to enhance alcohol metabolism. Which of the following theoretical drug mechanisms would be most effective at preventing the accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde?

an agonist that significantly upregulates the activity of mitochondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)

If a patient is suffering from Fanconi syndrome, what is the primary mechanism causing their carnitine deficiency?

impaired renal reabsorption of carnitine, leading to excess urinary loss

If a pharmaceutical researcher wants to inhibit the hydrolysis of fatty acids specifically esterified at the sn-2 position of dietary phospholipids, which enzyme should they target?

phospholipase A2

A patient has a genetic defect leading to a lack of functional monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in enterocytes. What specific cellular process will be directly impaired?

re-esterification of lipid digestion products into triacylglycerols in the ER

You are formulating an enteral nutrition product for a patient with severe lymphatic system obstruction. To ensure adequate caloric intake from fats without exacerbating the obstruction, which type of lipid should predominate in the formula?

Medium-chain triglycerides

An infant is born with a mutation causing a complete deficiency of lingual and gastric lipases. What specific triacylglycerol cleavage reaction will be most directly impaired in the stomach?

hydrolysis of the FA esterified to the sn-3 position

A cellular defect prevents the formation and release of exocytotic vesicles in the enterocyte. Which specific step of lipid assimilation will be entirely blocked?

the release of newly synthesized chylomicrons into the lymphatic system

t/f A patient with severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency will likely experience impaired activation of colipase due to a lack of pancreatic trypsin.

true