Metabolism, Macromolecules, and Human Body Systems

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering metabolism, biochemical reactions, biological macromolecules, cellular respiration, ocean acidification lab concepts, and digestive and circulatory system anatomy.

All of the chemical reactions that take place inside an organism are collectively referred to as __________.

metabolism

Chemical reactions that break molecules down into smaller ones are known as __________.

catabolism

Reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones are called __________.

anabolism

The chemical process of removing water to build a molecule is known as __________.

dehydration synthesis

The process of adding water to break down a molecule is called __________.

hydrolysis

The primary goal of cellular respiration is the production of cellular energy in the form of __________.

adenosine tri-phosphate

The metabolic process of glycolysis literally means to __________.

split glucose

A group of atoms joined together in a particular way is the definition of a(n) __________.

molecule

A molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that organisms use to release energy is __________.

glucose

Organisms obtain __________ from the air or water around them and use it to release energy.

oxygen

The individual molecules that serve as the building blocks of proteins are __________.

amino acids

In the Ocean Lab, pH stands for potential hydrogen, which measures how __________ something is.

acidic or basic

In environmental feedback loops, negative feedback can make a reaction stop, whereas positive feedback can cause things to __________.

cascade

The Ocean Lab experiment models ocean pH changes caused by blowing $CO_2$ using baby oil and __________.

vinegar

A single unit of a molecule is called a monomer, whereas multiple monomers attached together form a(n) __________.

polymer

The biomolecules that provide quick energy to organisms are __________.

carbohydrates

The monomer of a carbohydrate, meaning 'one sugar,' is a(n) __________.

monosaccharide

Carbohydrate energy storage in plants is starch, whereas carbohydrate storage in animals is __________.

glycogen

The structural carbohydrate sugar found in plant cell walls is __________.

cellulose

Lipids (fats, steroids, and cell membranes) function as long-term energy storage and have the monomer __________.

fatty acids

The order and structure of amino acids determine a protein's shape, which in turn determines its __________.

function

The polymer form of a protein is called a(n) __________.

polypeptide

Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA provide instructions to make proteins, and their monomer is a(n) __________.

nucleotide

In the human digestive tract, swallowed food travels from the mouth down to the stomach through the __________.

esophagus

In the digestive system, bile is stored in the small organ known as the __________.

gallbladder

Solid digestive waste leaves the large intestine and is held in the __________ prior to elimination.

rectum

Photosynthesis takes place within the chloroplasts of plants, while cellular respiration occurs in the __________ of both plants and animals.

mitochondria

Delivering glucose and oxygen to body cells requires the coordinated actions of the digestive system, respiratory system, and __________ system.

circulatory

After oxygen enters the lungs, oxygen-rich blood travels directly to the __________ before being pumped to the rest of the body.

heart

After body cells receive oxygen, the blood collects __________ to return to the heart and lungs.

carbon dioxide

In the mouth, chewing provides mechanical digestion, while saliva produced by the salivary glands provides __________ digestion.

chemical

In the stomach, churning provides mechanical digestion, while __________ provides chemical digestion by breaking down proteins into amino acids.

hydrochloric acid