Chapter 9 HUN

Prevalence of Overweight & Obesity

Approximately 70 percent of adults in the U.S. are estimated to be overweight or obese.

Fat Cell Development

Fat cells increase in number during growth, increase in size when energy intake exceeds expenditure, and can increase in number again if energy intake continues to exceed expenditure.

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)

An enzyme found mainly on the surface of cells lining muscles and adipose tissues, more active in obese individuals, facilitating fat storage.

Set Point Theory

The theory that the body maintains weight through its own controls and has a point at which these controls are set.

Leptin

A protein secreted by adipose cells that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure; promotes a negative energy balance.

Ghrelin

A hormone secreted mainly in stomach cells that enhances appetite, triggers the desire to eat, and decreases energy expenditure.

Uncoupling Proteins

Genes that code for proteins involved in energy metabolism, distinguishing between white fat (stores fat) and brown fat (releases stored fat).

Obesogenic Environment

An environment that promotes overeating and physical inactivity, leading to obesity.

Health Risks of Obesity

Includes hypertension, fatty liver disease, abnormal blood lipids, diabetes, sleep apnea, and other health issues.

Psychological Problems from Obesity

Can include embarrassment, criticism, rejection, depression, and hurt self-esteem.

Yo-Yo Dieting

The cycle of weight loss and gain that can occur with extreme dieting practices.

Bariatric Surgery

Surgical procedures such as gastric bypass, banding, and sleeve gastrectomy aimed at treating clinically severe obesity.

Behavior Modification

The process of becoming aware of and changing behaviors related to eating and physical activity.

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based objectives to help guide weight loss and health strategies.

Influence of Physical Activity

Physical activity can speed up metabolism, control appetite, and reduce stress, contributing to weight management.