Chapter 35 Obj jc

What are Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction?

A, one parent

S, two parents

What are two advantages and two disadvantages of Asexual reproduction?

Ad, less time, less energy
Dis, identical offspring, lack of survivorship

What are two advantages and two disadvantages of Sexual reproduction?

Ad, genetic diversity, adaptability
Dis, more time, more energy

What is Budding?

Miniature versions of the adult form

What is Fission?

Splitting, a type of asexual reproduction

What is Fragmentation?

The parent breaks into pieces, each piece can grow into a new organism

What is Parthenogenesis?

When a gamete bypasses fertilization

What is Hermaphroditism?

Functional male and female reproductive structures

What are Gonads?

Reproductive organs that make sex cells and sex hormones

What are Gametes?

Sex cells for reproduction

What is Fertilization

Union of egg and sperm

What is Differentiation formation?

When cells become specialized for different jobs

What is Pattern formation?

How body parts develop in the correct places in the organism

What are Direct and Indirect development?

D, young look like the adult
I, young do not look like the adult

What is the development sequence from zygote to multicellular animal?

Morula, Blastula, Gastrula

What is Cleavage?

Rapid cell division after fertilization

What is Blastocoel?

Fluid-filled cavity inside blastula

What is Archenteron?

Early digestive cavity formed during gastrulation

At which stage of development do the three germ layers appear?

Gastrulation

What are the three germ layers, and what do they become?

Endoderm, gut
Ectoderm, skin (nervous system)
Mesoderm, everything else

What do the Seminal Vesicles produce?

A fluid with sugars/nutrients that give sperm energy

What do the Prostate Glands produce?

A fluid that helps protect and activate sperm

What do the Bulbourethral Glands produce?

A slippery mucus-like fluid that lubricates and helps neutralize acid in the urethra

Are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids/sperm cells diploid or haploid?

Diploid, Diploid, Haploid, Haploid

What are the three parts of a mature sperm cell?

Head, Midpiece, Tail

What is the function of the Acrosome in a sperm cell?

Holds digestive enzymes to break into the egg

What is the function of the Mitochondria in a sperm cell?

Provide power for movement

When do human males start producing sperm?

Puberty

Are oogonia, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes, ova, and polar bodies diploid or haploid?

Diploid, Diploid, Haploid, Haploid, Haploid

When do human females start producing primary oocytes?

Before birth

Approximately how many primary oocytes are human females born with?

1-2 Million

Approximately how many secondary oocytes do human females release during their life?

400-500