Biol213L - Practicum I: Lab 3 (Circulatory System)

Valves

1: Aortic valve: Valve between the left ventricle and aorta that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle.

2: Pulmonary valve: Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle.

3: Bicuspid (mitral) valve: Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents backflow into the atrium.

4: Tricuspid valve: Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents backflow into the atrium.

Superior (Anterior/Pre-) vena cava

>Brings deoxygenated blood to heart from top of the body

Inferior (Posterier/Post-) vena cava

>Brings deoxygenated blood to heart from bottom cof the body

Pulmonary artery

>Large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

Coronary artery

>Artery that branches off the aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.

1 - Right atrium (receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae.)

2 - Left atrium (receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.)

3 - Right ventricle (pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk)

4 - Left ventricle (pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.)

-The left ventricle of the heart has thicker walls than the left as it must pump oxygenated blood throughout the entire body.

Aortic Arch

>It curves over the heart like a U-turn and splits into three main branch arteries. These vessels send blood straight to your brain, neck, face, and both arms

>Aorta: The body's largest artery, which carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation.

Brachiocephalic artery

>First branch off the aortic arch, which splits into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries.

1- Left common carotid artery

2- Right common carotid artery

>Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the head and brain.

3- Left subclavian artery

4- Right subclavian artery

>Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the shoulders and forelimbs (arms).

1 - Jugular vein (Collects all the deoxygenated blood from the top of the head into the

superior vena cava)

2 - Carotid artery (Carries oxygenated blood to the brain)

1 - Femoral artery (Longest artery in body; Supplies oxygenated blood to lower part of

the body)

2 - Great saphenous vein (What they cut to use in heart bypass surgery) longest vein in body.

H/blue arrows - Two umbilical arteries: carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta (found on either side of bladder).

J - One umbilical vein: carries oxygenated rich blood from placenta to fetus’s heart.

Foramen ovale

>Valve between right atrium & left atrium

>Diverts blood away from right ventricle as in a fetus, the lungs are not used yet. The opening lets oxygen-rich blood from the mother skip the lungs and flow directly to the left side of the heart

>Closes soon after birth

Ductus Arteriosus

>Small tube that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta

>Diverts blood away from pulmonary artery and into aorta

>“Back-up Plan” to bypass the fetal lungs

>After birth, it closes and becomes ligamentum arteriosum