Mathematics in the Modern World - FINALS

Statistics

is the branch of mathematics that deals with data through collecting, analyzing, organizing, and interpreting it to make informed decisions.

Data Collection

it is the procedure of collecting and measuring data

Data Organization

is the method of organizing different data based on your choices or qualifications

Interpretation of Data

is the process of assigning meaning into a data

Presentation of Data

it is the process of presenting data into tables, graph or paragraph form

Descriptive Statistics

it is the method of describing characteristics or giving information into short summaries

Population

it is the totality of a observation

Sample

it is a part of a population

Variable

any characteristics, number that can be measured or counted

Kinds of Variable: Qualitative

it is a kind of variable that it is categorical and it is in a form of text or paragraph

Kinds of Variable: Quantitative

it is a kind of variable where it is numerical and can be ranked

Discrete

It is a type of quantitative variable where it can be obtained by counting

Continous

it is a type of variable that can be obtained by measuring, it can be in a form of fraction or decimals

Numerical Data

it is a type of statistical data that includes measurements of height and weight

Categorical Data

it is a type of statistical data that can be measured into categories like gender.

Nominal

it is the lowest level of measurement, where it measured categories

Ordinal

it is the second level of measurement; it can be ordered but the there is no difference between datas

Interval

it is the third level of measurement where the data is ordered but with differences between data and it has no starting point like Celsius and Fahrenheit

Ratio

it is the highest level of measurement: it has an absolute zero

What are the 4 ways of Data Collection Method?

1. FACE TO FACE

2. MAIL SURVEYS

3. WEB ONLINE SURVEYS

4. PHONE SURVEYS

What are the three ways of presenting data?

1. TEXTUAL

2. TABULAR

3. GRAPHICAL

Frequency Distribution

is the rate how often an object or something occur

What are the ways where frequency can be represented?

1. Bar Graph

2. Line Chart

3. Pie Chart

mean

is the average, it can measure ordinal and ratio type of data

median

the middle value, it can measure ordinal type data

mode

most repeated value, it can measure nominal type data

range

the distance of your data

variance

it is used to determine how spread out is your data

standard deviation

it is the square root of variance

Hypothesis Testing

significant area of statistical inference, it is a step by step process of making inference or conclusion about a population

Null Hypothesis

specify exact value denoted by H0

Alternative Hypothesis

it allow possibility of some certain values denoted by h1

One Tailed Test

if the H1 is one sided and uses less than and greater than symbols or words

Two tailed Test

if the h1 is two sided and uses not equal sign

Type 1 error

it rejects the null hypothesis when it is true

Type 2 Error

it is when we accept the null hypothesis even if it is false

Testing the Means

in hypothesis testing, means, variance or proportion is compared so as to justify the need to reject the the null hypothesis

Testing for Independence / Chi Square Test

it is used to determine whether the tow variable are related or not

Correlation denoted by r

it is used whether two variables x and y are linearly related

Regression

it is used to understand the movement or trend of the given data so predictions can be made