English Grammar, Vocabulary, and Trend Analysis Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering English verb tenses, pronunciation rules, trend analysis terms, transition phrases, and study tools from September lecture notes.

Present Simple

A verb form used for present or repeated actions, such as 'I play football every Saturday'.

Present Perfect Simple

A verb form used for finished actions within an unfinished time frame, such as 'I have played football THIS WEEK/TODAY/RECENTLY'.

Present Perfect Continuous

A verb form used for actions starting in the past that may not be finished, such as 'I have been playing football this morning for 2 hours'.

Peak

The highest point on a chart or trend line graph.

Troughs

The lowest points on a line graph, pronounced /trof/.

Due to + a noun

An expression used to give a reason followed by a noun, such as 'due to the high risk'.

Due to + clause

An expression used to give a reason followed by a clause, such as 'due to the fact that there is a higher risk'.

As a result of + noun

An expression used for giving reasons followed by a noun, such as 'as a result of the risk involved'.

Discouraged

An adjective formed with the prefix 'dis-', grouped with words like disqualified, dissuade, and disappear.

Open-minded

An adjective describing someone whose mindset is more open.

I'd rather

An expression meaning 'I would prefer', used in statements like 'I'd rather eat French food'.

Deteriorated

Declined or worsened in quality, as used in 'the quality of some low-cost solutions HAS DETERIORATED'.

Lost momentum

Slowed down or lost forward drive/progress, as used in 'initiatives HAVE LOST MOMENTUM after initial government support'.

KNOWT

An app recommended to practise vocabulary, record new words, collocations, and expressions.