Geography

Landforms

Natural features of the Earth's surface.

Canadian Shield

Large area of old, hard rock covering 48% of Canada, with many lakes and forests.

Interior Plains

Region known for vast farmlands and forests, with a mix of flatlands and rolling hills.

Arctic Lands

Region above the treeline, characterized by permafrost, glaciers, tundra, and a rocky landscape.

Cordillera

Mountainous region covering 16% of Canada, with rugged mountains, interior plateaus, coastal fjords, and valleys.

Hudson Bay Lowland

Region with vast level plains, gravel beaches, forested ridges, and streamlined hills.

St

Region with sedimentary composition, including limestone, shale, and dolomite, divided into West, Central, and East St. Lawrence areas.

Appalachia

Region with metamorphic and igneous rock formations, rugged mountains, shorelines, valleys, lowlands, and plains.

Plate Tectonics

Theory explaining the Earth's surface made of plates moving due to tectonic forces, leading to various landforms.

Weathering

Process of breaking down rocks through physical, chemical, and biological means, including freeze-thaw, acid precipitation, and plant roots.

Climate Change

Impacting northern regions, affecting ecological, economic, and human systems due to changing climate conditions.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully.

Non-renewable Resources

Resources that are limited and cannot be replaced.

Sustainability

Meeting needs without harming the future, based on protecting the environment, improving lives, and growing the economy sustainably.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year, directly tied to natural resources and industries.

Primary Energy Production

Production of energy found in nature before conversion, including electricity and heat.

Oil Sands

Mixture of sand, water, clay, and bitumen, a non-renewable primary resource important for energy production in Canada.

Interprovincial Migration

Movement of people between provinces or territories.

Urbanization

Process of populations shifting from rural to urban settings.

Land Use

Functions of land in a community, including transportation, residential, commercial, open space, industrial, and institutional use.