Gymnosperms

Describe the male gametophyte in gymnosperms

It is pollen which has non motile sperm inside, eliminating the need for water

What are 3 advantages of seeds

Protect and nourish the embryo, Can remain dormant for a long time, Dispersal through wind, water, and animals

What are the 5 requirements for seed formation?

Development of an ovule from the sporophyte​, Meiosis produces megaspores​ which forms the female gametophyte, Egg develops and is fertilized in the gametophyte, Embryo produced by zygote​, Testa produced by integument of the gametophyte, nourishes the zygote​

What characterizes gymnosperm seeds?

They are naked or exposed

List 6 traits of conifers

Can be shrubs or trees, Needle-like or scaley leaves, Found in cold and dry environments, Seed cones, Monoecious, Lack vessel elements in their xylem

Do conifers undergo secondary growth?

Yes

List 4 traits of cycads

Similar in appearance to palm trees, Seed cones, Flagellated sperm, Dioecious

List 5 traits of gnetophytes

Xylem has vessel elements, Can be trees, shrubs, or vines, Seed cones, Dioecious, Non-flagellated sperm

List 4 traits of ginkgos

Only one surviving species, Only cultivated, Dioecious, Cones have a fleshy outer covering