04b - Demography

Mean

the average value

Median

the middle value in an ordered dataset, separating the higher half from the lower half

Range

the lowest value to the highest value

Standard deviation

a statistical measure of data dispersion relative to the mean, indicating how tightly values cluster around the average

Relative frequency/proportion

a count of occurrences out of the total

Percentage

relative frequency multiplied by 100

Ratio

compares two quantities, can compare two parts to each other or to the whole

Population pyramid

a graphical illustration-typically two back-to-back bar graphs-that displays the distribution of various age groups (cohorts) and genders within a specific population, with males on the left, females on the right, and ages increasing from the bottom up

Sex

refers to the biological classification of organisms based on physical attributes like chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive anatomy

Gender

• cultural construct that encompasses the roles, behaviors, expressions, and identifies that societies assign to individuals based on perceived sex

• learned, flexible, and variable system that differs across cultures and time

Sex Ratio at Birth

• sex ratio at birth is estimated at 1.05 around the globe

• influenced by economics, paternal age, climate change, environmental pollution, sex selection and female infanticide