Groups/Countries DIXON UNIT 1

Spain

Explored and claimed large areas of the Americas

settlers established farms, mines, and cattle ranches

Tried to spread the Catholic faith

Established missions in the Southwest.

France

Quebec became its center

Focused heavily on the fur trade

Had a relatively small population

Developed trading relationships with Native Americans.

England

Established colonies along the eastern coast

Jamestown was its first lasting settlement

English colonies developed different forms of local government

Colonists became accustomed to managing their own affairs and developed a strong belief in self-government.

Native Americans

Developed diverse cultures adapted to their environments

Traded with Europeans

Suffered devastating population losses from European diseases and warfare

Their lands and traditional ways of life were also taken or disrupted.

Pilgrims/Puritans

Separatists who wanted to worship freely

Came to Plymouth in 1620

Created the Mayflower Compact

established Massachusetts Bay

Religion and government were closely connected in Massachusetts

Dutch

Established New Netherland

Main settlement was New Amsterdam

New Netherland later became New York after England seized it.

Quakers

William Penn's religious group

Opposed political and religious authority

Opposed war and violence

Pennsylvania gave them religious freedom and became a safe haven for different faiths.

Protestants

Included groups such as Puritans, Separatists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Methodists

Different Protestant groups helped establish colonies and religious communities.

Catholics

Faced persecution in England

Maryland was intended partly as a refuge for these people

Maryland's Toleration Act of 1649 granted religious toleration to all Christians.

Indentured Servants

Came to America voluntarily

Worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage, food, clothing, and shelter

Especially important as agricultural labor in the Southern colonies.

Enslaved Africans

Were brought to America against their will

Worked especially on Southern plantations

Their numbers grew dramatically

Slave codes restricted their freedom and rights.

germans

Immigrated to America, especially the Middle Colonies

Many were fleeing religious wars in Europe.

Scotch-Irish

Immigrated to America

Came partly because of high taxes, poor harvests, and religious discrimination in Ireland.

Jews

Migrated to America for religious reasons

Were allowed to worship freely

Could not vote or hold public office according to the textbook's description of the colonial period.