water potential/osmosis

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low water concentration

osmosis

the way to describe how much solute is dissolved in the solvent

tonicity

substance being dissolved

solute

substance doing the dissolving

solvent

water will move inside the cell in a ____ solution

hypotonic

water will move out of the cell in a _____ solution

hypertonic

water will have no net movement in a _____ solution

isotonic

water moves from (high to low concentration) or (low to high concentration)

high to low concentrationw

water moves from (high to low water potential) or (low to high water potential)

high to low water potential

water moves from (high to low solute concentration) or (low to high solute concentration)

low to high solute concentration

water moves from (low to high osmolarity) or (high to low osmolarity)

low to high osmolarity

the pressure the water exerts back on the cell wall

turgor pressure

(in plants) water has to move through

cell wall and the cell membrane

(in plants) water is stored

in large vacuoles that exert turgor pressure

maintains the shape of the cell

the cell wall (exerting force in return of turgor pressure)

measures the tendency of water to leave one place in favor of another

water potential

water potential is affected by the addition of

solutes and physical pressure

equation of water potential

water potential = pressure potential (0) + solute potential

equation of solute potential

solute potential = -iCRT

i in -iCRT

ionization constant (1 for no ionization)

C in -iCRT

molar concentration

R in -iCRT

pressure constant (0.0831 L bars/mol. K)

T in -iCRT

temperature in kelvin (C+273)

the state in which net movement is zero by matching rates of water moving in and out of the cell

dynamic equilibrium

net movement of molecules with the concentration gradient; does not require ATP energy

passive transport

net movement of molecules against the concentration gradient; requires ATP energy

active transport

net movement of small, nonpolar molecules without aid of protein

diffusion

net movement of molecules that require a channel protein to occur

facilitated diffusion

two forms of active transport

endocytosis, exocytosis

cells take in molecules into the intracellular space; require ATP energy

endocytosis

cells take in molecules into the extracellular space; require ATP energy

exocytosis