Vascular TEST!

Veins are collapsible vessels that expand in response to increased _____ ____

Transmural pressure

size of veins can change with smooth muscle contraction in response to the sympathetic nervous system:

• - Temperature changes

• - Exercise

• - Stress

• - Trauma

• - Hydration

Tunica intima- inner layer composed of:

single layer of endothelial cells

Tunica media - middle layer of vein that has:

thick layer of smooth muscles and collagenous fiber

Tunica Adventitia: outer layer of vein wall that is

Thin fibrous layer - contains vasa vasorum

Vein walls have 3 components

Collagen matrix provides supportive framework

Elastic fibers that afford distensibility

smooth muscle controls the tone

Superficial veins are more distensible

• - Thin walls

• - surrounded by loose connective tissue

• - Located sub-fascial

what is the purpose of venous valves (bicuspid)

prevent blood from moving in opposite direction

Valves are more prevalent & more susceptible to damage in lower extremities due to

DVT

Increase venous pressure from gravity

Increased abdominal pressure

Trauma

How many valves do each of these veins have

1. GSV:

2. SSV:

3.Perforators:

4.Popliteal & femoral veins:

5.common Femoral vein:

6.External iliac vein:

7.Axillary vein:

8.Basilic & Cephalic Veins:

1. 1. 12 valves

2. 2. 6-12 valves

3. 3. At least one valve

4. 4. 1-3 valves

5. 5. 1 valve

6. 6. valve 25% of time

7. 7. 1 valve

8. 8. variable

Term confluence is utilized when referencing ____

veins

Paired deep veins below the knee

• - Posterior Tibial veins

• - Peroneal veins

• - Anterior Tibial veins

Superficial veins are located within the -

Fascial Border

All central veins are considered deep or superficial

Deep

Peroneal vein drain and empty the ___ region of the leg

lateral

What veins connect superficial & deep veins together

Perforating veins

Where are perforating veins most prevalent

Below the knee

blood flows from ____ to ______

superficial to deep

All abdominal veins are considered____ and receive the blood being drained from the lower extremities as well as digestive tract

Deep

Common femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein just as it passes the ____ _____ in the groin

Inguinal ligament

The external iliac vein converges with the internal iliac vein in the ____ ____ area to become the common iliac vein

lower abdominal

May - Thurner syndrom includes