Molecules

Life depends on chemical reactions

To make or break down macromolecules necssary for life, a chemical reaction must occur.

Many carbon-based molecules are made of

small subunits bonded together

Small sub units that make up a polymer

Monomers

Large molecules made up of many monomers

Polymers

Bonds_______ during chemical reactions

break and form

Substance that is changed by a chemical reaction.

Reactants

Substance formed in a chemical reaction

Products

Synthesis: When two monomers bond together through the _____________________ molecule a ____________ ____________

loss of water, dehydration, reaction

Catalysts for chemical reactions which lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction,.

Enzyme

The process of adding water molecules to a polymer and breaking the polymer down to a monomer.

hydrolysis

What elements are in lipids

Lots of carbon, hydrogen and less oxygen than carbs

What are the monomers in lipids?

Glyrercial and fatty acids

What is the 3 functions of lipids?

Long term energy storage, make up cell membranes, used to make hormomes

What are some examples of lipids?

Fats, oils, sterodies (chlorsteral), phosophlids.

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen and lots of oxygen

What monomer is in carbs?

Monoscrchardie

What are the functions of carbs?

Short term energy (atp), make up some cell parts like the cell wall (cellouse)

What are some monosacchrides with carbs

Glucose, fructose, dextrose.

What are some polysaccharides with carbs

Complex sugars, starch, cellouse, glyogen

Proteins can be known as

Polypeptides which are amino acids with peptide bonds.

What are the elements in proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.

What is the monomers of Proteins?

Amino acids (20)

What is the 1st function of Proteins?

Helps chemical enzymes Ex: Lactose

What is the 2nd function of Proteins?

Provide structure Ex: Collegan/ Keritian (hair/nails)

What is the 3rd function of proteins

Storage Ex: Feritin- Store Iron

What is the 4th function of proteins?

Immune defense Ex: Antibodies

What is the 5th function of proteins?

Transport Ex: Hemoglobin (transport oxygen)

suffix meaning to split or break apart; to release

lysis

to make something

Synthesis

to lose or remove water; to take away

Dehydrate

The process of making a larger polymer by removing water.

Dehydration Synthesis

prefix meaning water

Hydro-

2. The process that happens after you eat

Hydrolysis

This process combines monomers together

Dehydration Synthesis

This process adds water to molecules

Hydrolysis

This process removes water molecules

Dehydration Synthesis

What are the elements in Nucleic acids?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phophorus

Monomers in Nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

DNA is an example of a Nucleotide, it

has double lines and stores info

RNA is an example of a Nucleotide, it

has one line and transmits info

How to tell if something has Nucleic acids?

OGRRREE, was the food alive? made of cells?

Activation energy

energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

Catalyst

Substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction.

What is the polymer for carbs?

Polysacchide

What is the polymer for lipids?

Triglycride

What is the polymer for proteins

Polypeptide

What are the polymers for nucleic acids?

DNA, RNA