Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management system (R.A. 10121, P.D. 1566), hazard types, disaster equations, operational structures, and first aid wound management.

Pacific Ring of Fire

The area where two major tectonic plates, the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate, meet; it accounts for the Philippines having several fault lines and 220 volcanoes, 22 of which are classified as active.

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) Tropical Cyclone Statistics

An average of 20 to 30 typhoons pass through the Philippines annually (with 5 to 7 being destructive); on average, 20 cyclones enter the PAR with approximately 8 to 9 making landfall each year.

Republic Act No. 10121

Also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (PDRRM) Act of 2010; signed into law on May 27, 2010, after 21 years in the making across 7 Congresses and 4 Administrations.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

The highest policy-making, coordinating, and supervising body on DRRM at the national level, chaired by the Secretary of National Defense through the Executive Director of the OCD, composed of 14 departments and 39 line agencies.

Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

The implementing arm of the NDRRMC with the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program.

Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council (BDCC)

The localized disaster coordinating unit headed by the Barangay Captain as Chairman, supported by staff teams (Security, Supply, Transportation, Communication) and disaster operational services (Medical, Rescue, Fire Brigade, Evacuation, Damage Control, Relief).

Philippine Disaster Management System Hazard Lead Agencies

Specialized government agencies assigned to specific hazards: PHIVOLCS for geophysical hazards, PAGASA for hydro-meteorological hazards, AFP for terrorism, DOH for epidemics, PNP for civil disturbance, and DA for infestations.

Accredited Community Disaster Volunteers (ACDV)

Organized volunteer individuals and groups mobilized under Section 13 of R.A. 10121 by LGUs, CSOs, and private sectors, registered and accredited through LDRRMOs into the OCD database.

DRRM Education and Training Mandate

A mandate under Section 14 of R.A. 10121 requiring DepEd, CHED, and TESDA (in coordination with OCD and other agencies) to integrate DRRM education into school curricula at secondary and tertiary levels (including NSTP), Sangguniang Kabataan programs, and public sector employee training.

Evolving DM Paradigms (Reactive vs. Proactive)

A conceptual shift from viewing disasters as 'Acts of God/Nature' addressed through humanitarian relief and technocratic single-hazard engineering, to viewing disasters as 'Acts of Man' addressed through a proactive, developmental, multi-hazard, and all-society approach modifying vulnerabilities and capacities.

Disaster Management

The efficient and effective utilization of resources and application of measures to mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate a return to normalcy and redevelopment, occurring before, during, and after a disaster.

Disaster Response

Actions including relief activities conducted immediately after a disaster occurs, primarily to save lives and fulfill humanitarian purposes.

Building Back Better

A post-disaster principle during rehabilitation and reconstruction that ensures recovery efforts avoid generating new risks while mitigating existing ones.

Mitigation Preparedness and Rehabilitation Response Cycle

A disaster cycle framework detailing pre-event activities (risk assessments, planning, training, and vulnerability reduction) and post-event phases (emergency stabilization, healing, repair, reconstruction, and returning to normal).

Traditional Disaster Management Cycle

A continuum dividing disaster management into a Pre-Disaster Risk Reduction Phase (Mitigation, Development, Preparedness) and a Post-Disaster Recovery Phase (Disaster, Response, Rehabilitation, Recovery).

Hazard (H)

A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or the environment; representing the physical impact of a disturbance.

Risk (R)

A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or other negative occurrence caused by external or internal vulnerabilities that may be neutralized through preemptive action.

Vulnerability (V)

The level of susceptibility or resiliency of people and communities against the impact of prevailing hazards, determined by the physical, social, and economic conditions in a given area.

Disaster (CRED Brussels Definition)

A situation or event that overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to the national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event causing great damage, destruction, and human suffering.

Presidential Decree No. 1566

The 1978 decree that previously served as the basic law guiding disaster management in the Philippines, which was characterized by a reactive 'culture of reaction' focused heavily on disaster response.

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015

An international framework titled 'Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters' consisting of five thematic priorities: Governance, Risk Assessment & Early Warning, Knowledge Management & Education, Risk Management & Vulnerability Reduction, and Disaster Preparedness.

Landslide

An outward and downward slope movement of an abundance of slope-forming materials, including rock, soil, artificial materials, or a combination of these.

Earthquake

The result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves, manifesting as vibration, shaking, and displacement caused by slippage within geological faults.

Disaster Risk Formula

The mathematical relationship where risk equals hazard multiplied by vulnerability divided by capacity: $R = \frac{H \times V}{C}$.

Section 2 Policy Mandates (R.A. 10121)

Key principles declared under the PDRRM Act, including mainstreaming DRR and climate change into development planning, upholding human rights, engaging CSOs and volunteers, and explicitly promoting breastfeeding before and during disasters or emergencies.

Historical Calamity Statistics (Philippines)

Ranked by the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies as the fourth most accident-prone country in the world in 2015, with 31,835 Filipinos killed and 94,369,462 affected by natural disasters and calamities over a 20-year span.

Human-Made Disaster

A disaster involving an element of human intent, negligence, or error, or the failure of a man-made system; examples include criminality, civil disorder, terrorism, war, improper waste disposal, power outages, and human-induced fires.

Civil Disorder

A broad law enforcement term describing forms of public disturbance when many people are involved and are set upon a common aim.

Terrorism

The use or threatened use of violence for the purpose of creating fear in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological goal.

Bleeding (Hemorrhage)

The loss of blood escaping from the circulatory system through damaged blood vessels, reducing oxygen delivery to vital organs and potentially causing shock and death.

Types of Bleeding by Blood Vessel

Capillary bleeding drips out (seen in abrasions and small cuts); venous bleeding secretes or flows steadily out; arterial bleeding squirts rapidly out, risking severe blood loss, shock, and rapid death.

Bruise (Contusion)

A skin discoloration or patch that appears when tiny blood vessels called capillaries break or burst underneath the skin.

Laceration

A skin wound typically caused by blunt trauma where the skin is torn or ripped, but none of the skin tissue is missing.

Abrasion

A type of open wound caused by the outer layer of skin rubbing or scraping against a rough surface.

Stab Wound

A specific penetrating trauma to the skin resulting from a knife or similar pointed object.

Dressing

A sterile, absorbent pad or gauze placed directly on a wound to regulate or stop bleeding, prevent infection, and absorb discharge.

Cravat (Triangular Bandage)

A bandage used as a sling or wrap to hold dressings in place, provide limb support, and restrict movement of an injured extremity.

Foreign Body Wound Protocol

The first aid rule stipulating that foreign objects embedded in a wound must never be removed; dressings and pressure must be applied around the foreign object rather than directly on top of it.