Organic Chemsitry 2

What is a heteroatom?

something that is not a carbon or hydrogen

What is the general ending for a carboxylic acid?

-oic acid

What does the prefix ace- refer to?

methyl CH3 group

What carbon is the alpha carbon? Which one is the beta carbon

the alpha carbon is the carbon that is directly next to the carbonyl group. the beta carbon is the carbon directly next to the alpha carbon

the stronger the acid, the ____ the pka

lower

The weaker the acid, the ___ the pka

higher

What is the carboxylate ion?

carboxylic acid that has lost a hydrogen

How acidic something is shows what?

How stable the conjugate base is.

EWGs ______ the acidity of a carboxylic acid by stabilizing the conjugate base

increase

EDGs ____ the acidity of a carboxylic acid by destabilizing the conjugate base

decrease

the stronger and or closer to the acidic proton, the ____ acid

stronger

What are the 5 ways that we can prepare a carboxylic acid?

-Oxidadive cleavage of alkynes with O3 and H2O

-Oxidation of Primary Alcohols (primary alcohols and a strong oxidating agent such as Na2Cr2O7 or KMNO4 turns primary alcohol into caboxylic acid

-Oxidation of alkylbenzenes (turns constituents into a carboxylic acid)

-Hydrolysis of nitriles (H3O+ and Heat added to a alkyne)

-Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents with CO3.

What is a carboxylic acid derivitive?

Any compound where carbon has three bonds to a heteroatom (nitrile is also included )

What is the naming convention for acid halides?

-ic acid at the end

What is the naming convention for acid anhydrides?

you replace the acid with anhydride

What is the naming convention with esters?

-ate is added at the end in the place of acid.

What is the naming convention for amides

you replace the -oic or -ic with amide.

if nothing else is specified, just assume the hydrogens are there. but be sure to check that the total mount of things attached to the hydrogen is 3.

What is the proper ending for acid halides

-yl