Unit 2

Low blood oxygen stimulates the development of [BLANK] through the actions of [BLANK].

Red blood cells; erythropoietin

White blood cells are also known as:

Leukocytes

Most oxygen is transported through the blood attached to:

Red blood cells

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would primarily expect to observe an increase in the number of:

Red blood cells in their blood

The plasma protein that binds free iron extracted from heme molecules is:

Transferrin

A mature red blood cell is called:

An erythrocyte

The most abundant blood protein and major contributor to blood osmotic pressure is:

Albumin

All of the following are granulocytes except:

Monocytes

A lack of clotting factor VIII production is most likely to cause:

Hemophilia

Megakaryocytes develop into:

Platelets

A platelet typically circulates in the blood with a life span of approximately:

10 days

The blood clotting process is most specifically known as:

Coagulation

Maternal immune attack of fetal red blood cells is most likely to occur when:

An Rh- mother is carrying her second Rh+ fetus

A person's blood type is determined by the:

Presence or absence of specific antigens on the cell membrane

TRUE OR FALSE: Persons with type AB+ blood are sometimes called universal donors because they can safely donate blood to people of any blood type.

False

A person with A+ type blood may theoretically receive all of the following transfusions EXCEPT:

AB+

A person with type AB- blood would likely be most compatible with which of the following blood types in transfusion?

O-

A mother's immune systems is likely to generate antibodies against fetal blood cells when:

Neither of the above

The inner lining of the heart chambers is known as the:

Endocardium

TRUE OR FALSE: Veins drain blood most directly into the ventricles of the heart.

False

TRUE OR FALSE: The chordae tendinae and papillary muscles help to control movements of the heart semilunar valves.

False

Blood leaves the [BLANK] of the heart and travels to the lungs.

Right ventricle

Pericardial fluid accumulation that restricts movement of the heart to the point where it impairs contraction is:

Tamponade

Contractions of the papillary muscles:

Prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting into the atria

Atrial depolarization is indicated on an ECG tracing as a:

P wave

Action potentials at the SA node:

Occur with rapid calcium influx

The typical pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the:

SA node

In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by:

Repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers

Pressure in the aorta is most likely to increase during:

Ventricular ejection

Stroke volume will be greatest when end diastolic volume is [BLANK] and end systolic volume is [BLANK].

High; low

TRUE OR FALSE: Isovolumetric contraction occurs during ventricular systole.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: When the heart is contracting, it is said to be in systole.

True

When compared with heart function in a person who doesn't regularly exercise, a conditioned athlete's heart is likely to show:

Decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume (SV)

End systolic volume (ESV) is likely to be the greatest when:

Heart rate is higher than typical

Stroke Volume is equal to the:

end diastolic volume minus end systolic volume: (EDV - ESV)

When end systolic volume (ESV) is 50 ml, end diastolic volume (EDV) is 130 ml, and heart rate (HR) is 80 beats per minute, what is the stroke volume?

80 ml

Regarding the tunica interna, it is most likely to contain abundant elastic fibers in:

Arteries

Which of the following have muscular walls capable of much vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Arterioles

A decrease in size of a blood vessel diameter results from:

Vasoconstriction

TRUE OR FALSE: Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.

False

The inferior vena cava receives blood from all of the following veins except:

Jugular

Blood entering the heart from the lungs most directly enters the heart:

Left atrium

Thoracic branches off of the descending aorta include the:

Intercostal and superior phrenic arteries

Which arteries most immediately branch off from the aorta as it leaves the heart?

Coronary

Blood leaving the external jugular vein is most likely to drain into which vein?

Subclavian

The genicular artery runs most closely along which bone?

Femur

Formation of fat deposits within blood vessels to the extent that the endothelium may be damaged is:

Atherosclerosis

An increase in the length of a blood vessel would most likely [BLANK] peripheral resistance and [BLANK] blood flow velocity.

Increase; decrease

If the radius of an arteriole vasodilates to double its size, blood flow velocity through that arteriole will:

Increase

The average blood pressure experienced by an artery is:

Mean arterial pressure

Which of the following is NOT true of fluid movement between capillaries and the interstitial space?

The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are always equal in size but opposite in direction

The aorta and inferior vena cava have the most similar:

Vessel diameter

Which of the following will increase blood pressure?

All of the above

The blood colloid osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the concentration of plasma:

Proteins

During fetal development, blood passing through the ductus arteriosus is typically flowing:

From the pulmonary artery to the aorta

At birth, the ductus arteriosus closes primarily because the:

Oxygen saturation in the aorta increases

Aorta

high oxygen concentration blood, away from the heart

Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

low oxygen concentration blood, towards the heart

Pulmonary Arteries

low oxygen concentration blood, away from the heart

Pulmonary Veins

high oxygen concentration blood, towards the heart

Blood arrives at the heart from [BLANK] and first enters the heart [BLANK].

Veins; Atria

Blood leaves the heart [BLANK] chambers through the [BLANK].

Ventricles; arteries

During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the [BLANK] experiences the greatest increase:

Ventricle

During isovolumetric contraction, the electrocardiogram tracing indicates:

Ventricular depolarization is the dominant event at this stage

During the rapid ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, the:

Pressure in the aorta and ventricle both rise

During rapid ejection, the electrocardiogram tracing indicates:

The heart is in the Q-T interval of the cycle

During the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the [BLANK] experiences the greatest decrease:

Ventricle

At the end of the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the [BLANK] has the highest pressure:

Aorta

During diastasis, the heart sounds tracing indicates:

No heart sounds are typically heard

During the diastasis phase of the cardiac cycle, the:

Pressure in the aorta falls as blood volume in the ventricle rises

Endocardium

Lines the heart interior chambers

Myocardium

Heart muscle tissue

Pericardium

Surrounds the heart