Andrew Jackson & The Theme of Power Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Andrew Jackson's presidency, key constitutional conflicts, economic splits, and executive power dynamics.

Which election outcome involved Andrew Jackson winning the popular and electoral vote plurality but losing the presidency in the House of Representatives?

Stolen Election / 'Corrupt Bargain'

In which presidential election did voter turnout increase significantly after property restrictions for voting were eliminated?

Election of 1828

What was Andrew Jackson's practice of systematically giving government jobs to loyal friends and political supporters?

The Spoils System

Which nickname was given to Andrew Jackson by critics who portrayed him as a tyrant acting above the law, Congress, and the judiciary?

'King Andrew'

What was the informal circle of close allies, journalists, and personal friends that Jackson consulted instead of his official Cabinet?

The 'Kitchen Cabinet'

What political battle involved Jackson destroying the central national bank by vetoing its recharter and moving federal funds to state banks?

The Bank War

Which national central bank did Andrew Jackson view as an unconstitutional monopoly favoring wealthy elites?

Second Bank of the United States

What were the local state-level banks run by Jackson's political supporters where federal funds were deposited?

Pet Banks

Which regional economy was manufacturing-based, driven by machine-powered textile factories, free wage-laborers, and protective tariffs?

Northeast Economy

Which regional economy was agricultural, centered on cotton production, plantation expansion, and complete reliance on enslaved labor?

Southeast Economy

Which machine rapidly cleaned cotton, enabling a global cotton empire and causing a sharp increase in the enslaved population?

Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin

What is a tax placed on goods imported from foreign countries?

Tariff

Which protective tariff benefited Northern factory owners but severely disrupted Southern trade, earning a hateful nickname in the South?

Tariff of 1828 ('Tariff of Abominations')

What is the ideological concept that an individual state holds the authority to reject, void, or ignore an unconstitutional federal law?

Nullification

Which major conflict over states' rights versus federal power was caused when South Carolina voted to nullify federal protective tariffs?

The Nullification Crisis

Which legislation authorized Andrew Jackson to use military force to collect federal tariff duties in South Carolina?

Force Bill

Which Senator engineered a compromise tariff to gradually lower tax rates and resolve the Nullification Crisis?

Henry Clay

Which federal legislation funded land-exchange treaties to trade ancestral indigenous lands in the East for western territory?

Indian Removal Act

Which Supreme Court ruling established that Georgia state laws had no legal authority or jurisdiction over Cherokee territory?

Worcester v. Georgia

Who was the Supreme Court Chief Justice whose legal ruling in Worcester v. Georgia was willfully ignored by President Andrew Jackson?

Chief Justice John Marshall

What was the forced westward march of Native Americans to western reservations that resulted in widespread deaths from disease and exposure?

Trail of Tears

Who was Jackson's Vice President who supported South Carolina's nullification stance and resigned his office to fight for states' rights?

John C. Calhoun

Which constitutional principle establishing federal law over state law was tested directly during the Nullification Crisis?

Supremacy Clause

Who was the Nullifier Party candidate who received South Carolina's electoral votes as a protest against Jackson?

John Floyd

What expansion of voting rights eliminated property ownership requirements for white male voters prior to the election of 1828?

Universal White Male Suffrage

What term describes workers employed in Northern factories who were paid daily wages, including many newly arrived immigrants?

Free Wage-Laborers

What economic transition shifted the nation from agriculture and hand manufacturing to factory production and machine power?

Market Revolution

Which constitutional power was used aggressively by Jackson to kill congressional legislation, such as the recharter of the national bank?

Executive Veto

What were the designated lands west of the Mississippi River set aside for relocated Native American tribes?

Indian Territory

Which sovereign Native nation legally challenged Georgia's state laws in the Supreme Court to retain its ancestral land?

Cherokee Nation

Which political party was formed in South Carolina in opposition to federal tariffs and Jackson's executive authority?

Nullifier Party

Who was the 6th U.S. President accused by Jackson of securing office through a 'corrupt bargain'?

John Quincy Adams

What non-legislative tactics, including legal bribery, threats, and predatory credit, were used by Jackson's administration to force land sales?

Coercive Methods

Which group of Native nations (Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole) was forcibly relocated west of the Mississippi River?

5 Tribal Nations

What economic strategy uses high tariffs on imports to make foreign goods expensive and protect domestic factory goods?

Protectionism

Which economic policy favored by Southern cotton planters advocated for low or no tariffs on foreign goods and exports?

Free Trade

Which social demographic of working farmers, laborers, and frontiersmen did Jackson claim to represent?

The 'Common Man'

Which constitutional system of divided government power was undermined when Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?

Checks and Balances

In which primary South Carolina port city did state officials formally block federal tariff collections?

Charleston

Which western state was Andrew Jackson from, making him the first president elected from the region west of the Appalachians?

Tennessee

Which negotiated legislative plan created by Henry Clay gradually lowered federal import taxes over time?

Compromise Tariff

What is the act of a state formally withdrawing from the United States, as threatened during the Nullification Crisis?

Secession

How did Jackson describe the Second Bank of the United States to highlight it as an exclusive power structure benefiting elites over regular citizens?

Monopoly

Which branch of government is represented by the Supreme Court, whose constitutional authority Jackson challenged during Indian Removal?

Judicial Branch

Which presidential branch of federal power was expanded by Jackson through vetoes, military threats, and enforcement decisions?

Executive Branch

Which political doctrine places state authority above federal authority, as championed by South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis?

States' Rights

What was Jackson's firmly held belief that the United States was a permanent bond that no individual state had the authority to dissolve?

Union Permanent