Nutrition 8 - Ration Formation

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9 Terms

1
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Define Ration

= what goes into one portion/single meal

2
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What 3 considerations should you have when designing a ration?

Nutrient requirements of the specific animal - species, age/lifespan, activity, production; use NRC as resource

Feeds available

Economics

3
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What are the 4 Steps of Ration Formation

  1. Determine requirements

  2. Determine feedstuffs (nutritional breakdown of the various component)

  3. Balance feed amounts

  4. Convert to As Fed (if previously in DM basis) for proper mixing and feeding volume


4
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What is TDN?

= Total Digestible Nutrients = estimate of feeds energy content based on the digestible portion of the nutrient that supply energy

= (% digestible of a nutrient) x (% of that nutrient in the feed) then all nutrients summed together

Carbs measured in CF, starch as NFE, protein as CP, fat as ether extract

Higher % = more nutritious

5
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What is DDM

= Digestible Dry Matter

= TDN but for forages specifically

Directly related to ADF value

6
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What 2 assumptions are required to complete a Pearson Square

Animal requirement and Nutrient composition are expressed in the same units

Desired nutrient amount must fall between that of both feeds

7
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What are the 7 steps for completing a Pearson Square?

  1. Place desired nutrient value in center

  2. Place desired feed ingredients in left corners then transfer same ingredient name across to the right side

  3. Sobered diagonally to determine individual parts/ratio

  4. Determine total parts of ration (add the 2)

  5. Convert parts of whole to percentages

  6. Multiple each % by the desired total ration (weight) to determine how much if each to add

  7. Check


8
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Define the following Energy Measurements

  • TDN

  • GE

  • DE

  • ME

  • NE


  • TDN = total digestible nutrients (see below)

  • GE = gross energy = total combustible energy in feedstuff; measured by calorimetry

  • DE = digestible energy = absorbed by the animal = GE - FE(fecal energy)

  • ME = metabolizable energy = absorbed and not lost to urine and gas = GE = (FE + UE(urine) + GasE)

  • NE  = net energy


9
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How do you calculate Crude Protein based off of N content?

Multiply by 6.25


CP (%) = N (%) x 6.25

CP (g/kg) = N (g/kg) x 6.25