S and H : Laryngeal Anatomy

The vibrating system also known as the _________ system

Laryngeal

Biological functions of the larynx are:

Protects airway and provides pathway for air

Inferior to the larynx is the _______.

Trachea

Which of the singular cartilages is largest?

Thyroid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage is attached to hyoid bone via…

Thyrohyoid membrane

Thin, leaf-shaped, single cartilage that’s posterior to the base of the tongue and the hyoid bone

Epiglottis

Singular cartilage, shaped like signet ring, inferior to thyroid cartilage and superior to trachea

posterior part : cricoid lamina

anterior part : cricoid arch

Cricoid cartilage

The medical term for the adams apple is the _____________

Laryngeal prominence

Epiglottis

cartilage flips over and protects the airway during swallowing?

The cartilage directly inferior to the thyroid is the ________

Cricoid cartilage

Paired cartilage, shaped like pyramids, has apex (top of pyramid) and base (bottom of pyramid)

Arytenoid Cartilages

What 2 Cartilages sit on top of the apex of the arytenoid cartilages

Corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

What are the vestibular folds?

False vocal folds involved in airway protection, superior to true vocal folds

Vocal folds

Involved in airway protection and vibration for speech

Vocal folds opening =

Abduction

Vocal folds closing =

Adduction

When vocal folds are abducted =

Respiration

When vocal folds are adducted…

Speech production occurs and protects airway from food and water

What is the laryngeal aditus?

Entrance into larynx

What is the laryngeal vestibule?

Supraglottic region b/t laryngeal aditis and the ventricular folds

What is the laryngeal ventricle?

Space b/t ventricular and vocal folds

What’s the glottis?

Space between the vocal folds

The two processes at the base of the arytenoids are the __________

Muscular and vocal processes

Which cranial nerve innervates the larynx?

Vagus (X)

The part of the vagus nerve that loops down around the aortic arch on left and innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid and provides sensation for at and below the vocal folds is the ___________.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

What do the intrinsic laryngeal muscles do?

Affect the vibration of the vocal folds

Make up the bulk of the vocal folds, attached to thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, innervated to branch of vagus

Thyroarytenoid Muscle

What’s the function of thyroarytenoid?

Plays a role in vocal food tension, increase tension = increased pitch, shortens and adducts the vocal folds

What is the lateral cricothyroid muscles function

Rotates arytenoid cartilage drawing muscular process forward and vocal processes medially, adducts vocal folds

Rocking causes upward and outward swinging movement of the vocal processes during _______ of the vocal folds

abduction

Rocking causes downward and inward swinging movement of the vocal processes during _____ of the vocal folds

adduction

Cricothyroid Muscles function

moves the cricothyroid joint; lengthens and tenses the vocal folds

Cricothyroid has 2 parts…

Pars recta and Pars oblique

These muscles have one point of attachment in the larynx and the other outside of the larynx

Extrinsic laryngeal Muscles

Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles support and stabilize the _____

Larynx

What are the 2 extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

Which extrinsic laryngeal muscle depresses or lowers the larynx?

Sternothyroid

Which extrinsic laryngeal muscle raises the larynx and lowers the hyoid (brings them closer together)?

Thyrohyoid

Infrahyoid Muscles are known as

laryngeal depressors

Infrahyoid muscles are

sternohyoid and omohyoid

Omohyoid anterior belly attachments

intermediate tendon (clavicle) and hyoid bone

Omohyoid posterior belly attachments

Scapula and intermediate tendon

Omohyoid function

Moves hyoid and larynx backwards and downwards

The horseshoe structure that is the superior border of the larynx and supports the stabilization of the cartilages of the larynx is the __________

hyoid bone

The largest cartilage in the laryngeal system is the _____________. It contains the laryngeal prominence (adams apple), a notch, and both superior and inferior horns

Thyroid

The paired pyramid shaped cartilage that sits atop the posterior portion of the cricoid and contains two processes (muscular and vocal (which the vocal folds attach to) is the _________

arytenoid

The ring shaped cartilage inferior to thyroid is the ________

cricoid

The leaf shaped cartilage that angles inferiorly and posteriorly to the thyroid lamina and notch is the ________

epiglottis

The paired little cartilages that sit atop the apex the arytenoids are the ________

corniculate

This muscle is the only intrinsic muscle that abducts the vocal folds __________.

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

This muscle adducts the vocal folds by tethering and bringing the arytenoids together

interarytenoid

This muscle tenses and lengthens the vocal folds (which raises the pitch) and is only muscle innervated by the superior branch of the vagus nerve:

Cricothyroid

This muscle makes up the bulk of the vocal folds and assists with vocal fold tension, adduction, and shortening the vocal folds (lowering pitch)

Thyroarytenoid

The muscle assists with adducting the vocal folds by laterally twisting the muscular process of the arytenoids which brings the vocal process of the arytenoids together (hence bringing the vocal folds together).

Lateral cricoarytenoid

How does the laryngeal system fit into the speech mechanism?

It is the vibrating source

What is the inferior border of the larynx?

trachea

The thyroid is a _____ cartilage

singular

On the arytenoid cartilages the names of the 2 base processes are

vocal and muscular

Which intrinsic muscle makes up the bulk and muscle layer of the vocal folds?

Thyroarytenoid

Which intrinsic muscle does NOT support adduction of the vocal folds?

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Which intrinsic muscle lengthens and tenses the vocal folds and what branch of the vagus nerve innervates that muscle?

cricoarytenoid; superior laryngeal branch

What intrinsic muscle shortens, tenses, and supports adduction of the vocal folds and what vagus branch innervates?

Thyroarytenoid; recurrent laryngeal branch

Lengthening the vocal folds ______ pitch; shortening the vocal folds _____ pitch

raises; lowers

Which Extrinsic laryngeal muscle lowers the laryngeal complex?

sternothyroid

Which suprahyoid muscle brings the complex up and forward?

Geniohyoid

Which of the following is NOT a laryngeal depressor?

Mylohyoid

If you make a high pitched “e” which muscle is NOT being innervated?

Posterior cricoarytenoid

The internal laryngeal spaces from superior to inferior are as follows:

Laryngeal vestibule; ventricular space; glottis

The glottic space has the LARGEST area during the following maneuver

Taking a breath in

The 3 middle layers of the vocal folds consisting of various levels of collagen, elastin, and proteins are called the?

Lamina Propria

What theory explains how the vocal folds move during phonation?

Myoelastic-aerodynamic Theory

The oscillating movement of the vocal folds during phonation is known as the ____; during higher pitches it moves ____

Mucousal wave; faster

In the elderly, individuals pitch usually _____ due to hardening of the laryngeal cartilages and atrophy of muscles

lowers