exam2

Liang Kai – Poet Strolling by a Marshy Bank

Southern Song, China; ink on silk, fan format. Tiny solitary figure, enormous cliff, empty space, quiet Chan Buddhist contemplation.

Fan Kuan – Travelers Among Mountains and Streams

Northern Song, China; ink on silk, hanging scroll. Giant mountain, tiny travelers, monumental landscape, Neo-Confucian order.

Huizong – Auspicious Cranes

Northern Song, China; ink and color on silk. White cranes, blue sky, palace roof, imperial symbolism and Mandate of Heaven.

Unknown artist – Waves in the Moonlight

Southern Song, China; ink on silk, fan format. Waves fill the image, moon, no human figures, power and mystery of nature.

Holbein – The Ambassadors

Northern Renaissance, 1533; England; oil on oak. Two men, shelves of objects, distorted skull, memento mori, anamorphosis.

Giotto – The Adoration of the Magi

Italian Trecento, c. 1320; tempera on wood, gold ground. Solid, rounded figures, emotional interaction, gold background.

Fra Angelico – The Annunciation

Early Renaissance, c. 1438–47; Florence; fresco. Gabriel and Mary, arches and columns, peaceful atmosphere, enclosed garden.

Workshop of Robert Campin – Mérode Altarpiece

Early Netherlandish, c. 1427–32; oil on oak. Three hinged panels, domestic interior, tiny religious symbols, mousetraps.

Gerard David – Rest on the Flight into Egypt

Northern Renaissance; oil on wood. Mary nursing Christ, peaceful landscape, Holy Family repeated in the distance.

Pinturicchio – Resurrection

Italian Renaissance, c. 1492–94; Vatican; fresco. Christ in glowing mandorla, guards, Pope Alexander VI kneeling.

Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel Ceiling

High Renaissance, 1508–12; Vatican; fresco. Muscular figures, Genesis, Creation of Adam, prophets and sibyls.

El Greco – The Vision of Saint John

Spanish Mannerism / late Renaissance; oil on canvas. Elongated bodies, twisting figures, unnatural colors, spiritual intensity.

Jacques de Gheyn – Vanitas Still Life

Dutch, 1603; oil on wood. Skull, bubble, flowers, smoking urn, mortality.

Clara Peeters – A Bouquet of Flowers

Flemish, c. 1612; oil on wood. Detailed flowers, insects, wilting petals, beauty and impermanence.

Vermeer – Woman Holding a Balance

Dutch Golden Age, c. 1664; oil on canvas. Woman with scales, pearls and gold, Last Judgment behind her, moderation.

Caravaggio – The Denial of Saint Peter

Italian Baroque, 1610; oil on canvas. Three figures, pointing fingers, dramatic light, tenebrism, naturalism.

Benin Court Plaques

16th century; Kingdom of Benin, Edo peoples; cast brass. Frontal figures, coral beads, royal court, hierarchical scale, lost-wax casting

Queen Mother Pendant Mask

16th century; Benin, Edo peoples; ivory. Symmetrical ivory face, coral details, Queen Idia, royal authority.

Benin Ivory Mask

16th century; Edo peoples; ivory. Ivory carving, Portuguese heads, European trade connections, royal symbolism.

Plaque with Warrior and Attendants

c. 1540–70; Benin; lost-wax cast brass. Central warrior, attendants, fan and trumpet, hierarchy and royal power.

Kongo –Triple Crucifix

16th–19th centuries (figures added at different times); Kongo peoples; wood and brass. One Christ figure, Mary below, fiery halo, European Christian imagery adapted by Kongo artists.

Antonio Rodríguez Beltrán – María Luisa de Toledo with Her Indigenous Companion

c. 1670; New Spain (Mexico); oil on canvas. Two women of different stature, elaborate European dress, Indigenous tattoos, colonial hierarchy.

Francisco Clapera – Casta Paintings

c. 1775; New Spain; 16 oil-on-canvas paintings. Families of three, racial labels, clothing and occupations, colonial racial classification.