Week 3: pain & pain scales

whar is nocioceptive pain ?

caused by stimulation of peripheral neves can be thermal, mehcanical, chemical

what is the process of pain

pain receptors encounter a stimulus

pain threshold is reached and the AP will travel the sensory nerve through the dorsal root ganglion

there is ascends via aoxons in the white matter to the brain where it is interpreted

interneuron will be used if a quick response is needed towithdraw from the situation

what is the difference between spinothalamic tract and dorsal tract?

timeframe between acute, subacute, and chrnoic pain

acute: < 3 months

sub: 6 weeks- 3 m

chrnoic > 3 months

whats an example of referred pain

cervicogenic headaches

suboccipital muscles

SCM Muscles and upper trap

how does reffered pain happen?

nocioceptive afferents from viscera enter the spinal cord at the same spinal segment as nocipceptive afferents from skin , muscle, and joints

convergence of impulses onto common neuron cause the misinterpretation of pain

what is the gate control theory of pain

Pain signals can be amplified or reduced in the spinal cord before reaching the brain. Non-painful sensory input, like rubbing or pressure, can “close the gate” and reduce pain transmission.

what is the visual analogue scale?

• a common psychometric response sclae with widespread application

• simple and adaptable to a wide range of population and settings

• uni dimensional meausre of pain intnesity

• attempts to objectify a subjective experienve

are all individuals pain tolerancw equivalent?

can intention influence VAS?

what is a vertical VAS scale

continuous sclae with is more sensitive to small changes than a discrete scale

appropptiate for within individual change

no training required and high cross-cultueal adaptations

subjecitve

verical line no pain-worst imaginable pain

whats numeric rating scale

discrete scale ( 1-10) pain

how does VAS compare to NRS?

MODERATE : >30 MM

SEVERE PAIN: >54 MM

what is the minimum clinically significant difference to determine imporvement

>20mm

what is a short form health survey

multipurpose generic health survey

36 questions

validated insturment measyring 8 health concepts across 2 categories ; physical and mental

overall “quality of life” score

what does the physical health catgeory inlcude & what does it create

physical functioning

physical role

bodily pain

social role

physical component score

mental health score includes what 4 components?

mental health

emotional

vitality

general health perception

in the SF-36 what is the overall health score

averageof the PCS AND MCS

Best outcome measure for research

SF-36