AP Psychology Unit Two

Sensation

raw data, information that we receive from our five senses. The source is our sensory receptors.

Perception

the process of interpreting the information we obtained through our five senses

Gestalt Phycology

Figure and Ground, Continuation, Closure, Similarity, Proximity

Figure and Ground

tendency of our visual system to place some objects focus and others on the background. Simplify information.

Closure

Brian will automatically fill in information to complete and object in our mind when we see they are not fully complete.

Similarity

when objects we perceive have similar characteristics, we will interpret them as a whole instead of individually.

Proximity

The Gestalt principle that when objects are close together, they will perceive them as one whole object.

Symmetry

The Gestalt principle that when separate objects are organized around a center we will perceive them as one whole object.

Binocular Cues

Information that is received from both eyes that help inform the brain about the distance an object from the person. (Convergent) (Retinal Disparity) overall it helps us perceive depth.

Monocular Cues

one eye and has six different cues including relative size, interposition, relative height cue, shading and contouring and texture.

Relative size

objects that are closer together to us will appear larger while objects that are farther away will appear smaller

Interposition

when objects are blocked by another object, they are most likely further away, while objects that are not obstructed are closer.

Relative height cue

objects that are higher appear to be farther away than compared to objects that are lower

Shading and Contour

Parts of an image that are hazy and have less detail appear to be farther away while objects that are clearer and in focus are closer.

Texture and Gradient

Objects that are clear, in focus, and full of blurrier appear closer than objects that lack details and appear blurrier

Linear Perspective

When parallel lines appear to converge at a point in the distance this helps us understands our positioning and understanding of depth

Motion Parallax

When the objects are further, they look like they are going slower than objects closer

Sensory Transduction

The process by which an outside stimuli activates a person’s sensory receptors which are then changed to an electrical signal and sent to the brain.

Sensory Adaptation

when a stimulus is prolonged, our bodies are no longer as responsive to it. (Light a candle you will no longer to smell it after some time)

Habituation

When a stimulus is repeated the effectiveness of that stimulus is increasingly reduced. First time a person does drugs they will feel it however after time they will need to increase their dosage to feel it.