Ch4: Abdomen Flat/Upright

what is the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

what the smaller inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic cavity

the abdominal cavity extends from the _____ to the _______

diaphragm, superior aspect of the bony pelvis

the stomach can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the small and large intestines can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the liver can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the gallbladder can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the spleen can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the pancreas can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the kidneys can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

abdominal cavity

the pelvic cavity lies within the margins of the _____

bony pelvis

the rectum can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic cavity

the sigmoid of the large intestine can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic cavity

the urinary bladder can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic cavity

the reproductive organs can be found in which part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic cavity

the double-walled seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominalpelvic cavity is called the ____

peritoneum

the outer portion of the peritoneum that is in close contact with the abdominal wall is called the ____

parietal peritoneum

the part of the peritoneum that is positioned over and around the contained organs is called the ____

visceral peritoneum

the _____ and ______ are folds formed by the peritoneum that provide support for the viscera in position

mesentery, omenta

the space between the two layers of the peritoneum that contain serous fluid is called the _____

peritoneal cavity

the cavity behind the peritoneum is called the ____

retroperitoneum

the kidneys and pancreas are located in the retroperitoneum, meaning they ___

lie behind the peritoneum

what is A in this image?

pleural cavity

what is B in this image?

pericardial cavity

what is C in this image?

abdominal cavity

what is D in this image?

pelvic cavity

what is E in this image?

thoracic cavity

what is F in this image?

Abdominalpelvic cavity

what is A in this image?

parietal peritoneum

what is B in this image?

visceral peritoneum

what is C in this image?

liver

what is D in this image?

stomach

what is E in this image?

peritoneal cavity

what is F in this image?

retoperitoneum

what is G in this image?

transverse colon

what is H in this image?

mesentery

what is I in this image?

omentum

what is J in this image?

jejunum

what is K in this image?

sigmoid colon

what is L in this image?

urinary bladder

what is A in this image?

diaphragm

what is B in this image?

left lobe of liver

what is C in this image?

falciform ligament

what is D in this image?

right lobe of liver

what is E in this image?

gallbladder

what is F in this image?

ascending colon

what is G in this image?

ileum

what is H in this image?

appendix

what is I in this image?

esophagus

what is J in this image?

stomach

what is K in this image?

spleen

what is L in this image?

pancreas

what is M in this image?

transverse colon

what is N in this image?

descending colon

what is O in this image?

small intestine

what is P in this image?

urinary bladder

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

localized dilation of abdominal aorta

ascites

fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity

bowel obstruction

blockage of bowel lumen

ileus

failure of bowel peristalsis

metastasis

transfer of cancerous lesion from one area to another

pneumoperitoneum

presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

tumor

new tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

sharply defined outlines of the ____ is criteria for a good abdomen image

psoas muscles

for a good abdomen image, the lower boarder of the ____ must be visualized

liver

the ______ should be seen in a good abdomen image

kidneys

____ and ______ are also seen in a good abdoment image

ribs, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

to allow the patient to come to rest and to let involuntary movement of the viscera to subside, you should ____

not start the exposure for 1 to 2 seconds after the patient stops breathing

voluntary motion during exposure may cause movement in structures that do not have involuntary movement like the ___, _____, and ____

liver, psoas muscles, and spine

why shouldn’t the patient breath during the exposure?

to not cause the blurring of bowel gas outlines in the upper abdomen as the diaphragm moves

what does the KUB for a supine AP projection stand for?

kidneys, ureters, and bladder

which projections are often paired with a supine AP projection of the abdomen?

upright AP abdomen or AP/PA projection in the lateral decubitus position

what does the AP upright and AP/PA later decubitus allow radiographers to see?

possible pneumoperitoneum and the presence/location of air-fluid levels

why would a PA chest be included with images of the abdomen?

to capture any air escaping form the gastrointestinal tract into the peritoneal space; the air usually rises and rest beneath the diaphragm

a supine and upright abdomen is often called a ___ and ____

flat, upright

recommended kVp for abdomen exposure technique

70-90 kvp

for a asthenic/pediatric(4-8) patient, kVp should be

between 60-70

for a hyposthenic(10-12in) patient, kVp should be

75

for a sthenic(12-14) patient, kvp should be

85

for a hypersthenic (15+) patient, kVp should be

90

for an asthenic/pediatric patient, mAs should be

6

for a hyposthenic patient, mAs should be

8

for a sthenic patient, mAs should be

10

for a hypersthenic patient, mAs should be

20

SID for abdomen projections

40 inches

for an abdomen supine (KUB) the IR should be centered to the ___

iliac crests

central ray (CR) should be ____ to the IR

perpendicular

for a abdominopelvic radiograph, shielding should

not be used

for an abdomen upright the IR needs to be centered ____

2 inches (5cm) above the iliac crests

an abdomen upright needs to be high enough to included the ___

diaphragm

for larger patients, the abdomen may be radiographed in ___ or ____ parts

two, four

a prone abdomen reduces ____ and ______, thus it reduces ___

superimposition, part thickness, dose

in this body habitus, the stomach sits low/medial; in the pelvis when standing

asthenic

in this body habitus, the colon sits low and folds on itself

asthenic

this body habitus, the gallbladders sit low and nearer the midline

asthenic

this body habitus has a short abdomen

asthenic

the stomach sits highest in this body habitus

hypersthenic

in this body habitus, the colons goes around periphery of abdomen

hypersthenic

in this body habitus, the gallbladder sits high and lies more parallel

hypersthenic

the longest abdomen is found in this body habitus

hypersthenic