clinpath removals

What are some conditions that can lead to increased serum iron?

Hemolytic anemia, accidental lysis of erythrocytes, glucocorticoid excess, iron overload, and non-regenerative anemia.

What can cause a decrease in serum iron?

Renal disease, iron deficiency, hypothyroidism, acute/chronic inflammation, and hypoproteinemia.

What does an increase in plasma protein indicate?

Inflammation, immune mediated disease, lymphoid neoplasm, dehydration, and hemolytic anemia.

What are the 3 main plasma proteins?

Albumin (moving substances), globulin (fights infection), and fibrinogen (protein from the liver).

What does a stress leukogram indicate?

Inflammation or stress, marked increase in segmented neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, decreased eosinophils and increased monocytes.

What is a stress leukogram characterized by?

Marked increase in segmented neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes.

What characterizes a physiologic leukogram?

Epinephrine release causing increased neutrophils and lymphocytes.

What is a degenerative left shift?

A decrease in leukocyte count with an increase in bands exceeding segmenters.

What is leukemia?

A neoplastic proliferation of leukocytic tissues, characterized by increased leukocytes with many abnormal and immature cells.

What can be observed in acute leukemia?

Many undifferentiated cells in the marrow or blood.

What is pancreatic function related to in terms of digestive enzymes?

It involves protease, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, lipase, and amylase, among others.

What is amylorhea?

Presence of starch granules in the feces, indicating amylase deficiency.

What test detects protease deficiency?

The unstained Lugol’s smear test.

What is indicated by glistening feces?

Lipase deficiency, often seen in dogs with exocrine pancreatic deficiency.

What is indicated by the presence of protein in feces?

Creatorrhea, indicating an issue with protein digestion.

What is an important factor in the detection of endogenous serum substances?

Serum folate and Vitamin B12 levels, where folate is absorbed in the jejunum and Vitamin B12 in the ileum.

What does the serum trypsinogen activity test indicate?

It is the most specific test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).