BIO 201 Exam 3 Latest updated questions and answers + rationales - Grand Canyon University

Which of the following is a sense of taste caused by alkaloids in food?

-Salty

-Sweet

-Sour

-Bitter

-Unami

Bitter

What type of receptor cell is responsible for transducing pain stimuli?

Nociceptor

Head movement, such as a head rotating side-to-side, is sensed by the

Ampulla and Cupula

Which of the following is a structure of the middle ear?

-tympanic membrane

-vestibule

-semicircular canal

-stapes

-auricle/pinna

stapes

Which list correctly pairs the special sense and dysfunction

-equilibrium and cataract

-gustation and ageusia

-olfaction and vertigo

-vision and tinnitus

-hearing and pathological nystagmus

gustation and ageusia

Accessory eye structure that secretes a substance that prevents drying is called

Two options are correct

Arrange the eye wall structures in their correct sequence from superficial to deep.

sclera, choroid, retina

Which of the following connects to the tympanic membrane?

-vestibule

-malleus

-stapes

-oval window

-incus

malleus

Which of the following is a structure of the outer ear?

-Round window

-Stapes

-Vestibule

-Cochlea

-Auricle/Pinna

Auricle/Pinna

Muscular tissue readily grows by _____ that is due to increasing muscle cell size, but typically does not grow by ______.

hypotrophy, hyperplasia

Which of the following is/are multinucleated?

-Cardiac muscle only

-Cardiac and smooth muscle

-Skeletal Muscle only

- Smooth Muscle only

Skeletal Muscle only

The muscular tissue property that promotes recoil back to resting position is called _____, whereas the ability of the muscle to stretch 3x its length is called _____.

elasticity, extensibility

Muscular tissue

-include skeletal muscle that is considered an involuntary tissue because it can contract without neuronal input.

-No option is correct.

-come in two forms with different structures, functions and locations

-include smooth type that has actin and myosin proteins arranged as sarcomeres

-include cardiac type that requires a command from the nervous system.

No option is correct.

All are typical properties of muscular tissue except

-extensibility

-excitability

-hypertrophy

-All are typical properties of muscle tissue

-Elasticity

-hyperplasia

hyperplasia

Which list includes components of a muscle in the correct order from deep (or most simple) to superficial (or most complex)?

Myosin, thick myofilament, myofibril, myofiber, endomysium, fascicle, perimysium, muscle, epimysium

Titin

-has different isoforms (types) depending on the features and functions of a specific muscular tissue.

-is a structural protein

-contributes to sarcomere resting length

-underlies muscular tissue elasticity

-All options are correct

All options are correct

What attaches muscles to bones?

Tendons

Which list includes only ankle movements?

Inversion, Eversion, Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion

Which list correctly pairs the movements and body region?

Elevation/Depression and shoulders

Which of the following moves the bone away from the midline?

-extensor

-flexor

-abductor

-adductor

abductor

Muscle that performs extension as one of its primary movements

-vastus medialis

-semitendinosus

-biceps femoris

-adductor longus

-deltoid

-latissimus dorsi

vastus medialis

Muscle that performs plantar flexion

-semitendinosus

-biceps femoris

-vastus medialis

-rectus femoris

-gastrocnemius

-latissimus dorsi

gastrocnemius

Muscle that preforms dorsiflexion

-latissimus dorsi

-biceps femoris

-vastus medialis

-tibialis anterior

-semitendinosus

-rectus femoris

tibialis anterior

Muscle that performs abduction as one of its primary movements

-latissimus dorsi

-deltoid

-vastus medialis

-biceps femoris

-semitendinosus

-rectus femoris

deltoid

What molecule must bind to the myosin head in order to detach the myosin from the actin. Without a constant supply of this molecule in our bodies, the myosin heads remain attached to the actin in a state of constant contraction, or a rigor complex also known as rigor mortis.

ATP

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Can only be maintained for short intervals because products burn muscle

______ are required for crossbridge cycling during contraction phase

-Calcium

-ATP

-All options are correct

-Actin

-Myosin

All options are correct

Twitch latent period

is due to excitation-contraction coupling events happening during this time

When a muscle cell contracts, communication between the overlying connective tissue and contractile units must be accomplished. A genetic disorder called ___________ occurs when a linking protein called ________________ does not promote communication between muscle and connective tissues; this disorder is characterized by _______________ paralysis.

Muscular dystrophy... dystrophin... flaccid

Substances that act on _________ (the ionotropic receptor of muscles) lead to problems with the muscular system; for instance, poisons often act as antagonists to the receptor producing _________________ paralysis.

nAChR, flaccid

In ____________, bacteria infect one's spinal cord and destroy inhibitory synapses; this results in ____________ paralysis from an ____________ factor.

tetanus disease... spastic... exogenous

Muscle dysfunction occurs at all of the following structures/levels except

-the nervous system controlling muscle activity.

-All options can be impacted by muscular dysfunction.

-the NMJ synapse.

-the whole muscle and its supporting tissues.

-the myofiber sarcolemma.

All options can be impacted by muscular dysfunction.

_______________ is a regulatory protein that binds to calcium and moves _________________, a regulatory protein that blocks contractile protein interaction.

troponin ... tropomyosin

Aerobic cellular respiration

-No option is correct

-can only be maintained for short intervals because products burn muscle

-includes glycolysis that is required to recycle molecules that pick up electrons

-is used only after the muscle stops contracting

-Requires an organelle

-Produces a few ATP during fermentation

Requires an organelle