Germany and The Depression (2)

When was Wall Street Crash?

29th October 1929

How long did Germany have to pay back the Americans?

90 days

How did Stresemann improve the situation in Germany?

More jobs and wages; More stable government; Decline in support for extremist parties

Name three features of Weimar culture?

-Bauhaus design

-expressionist cinema (Metropolis, Dr Caligari);

-cabaret and jazz in Berlin

Why was Weimar culture controversial?

Conservatives and the Church saw it as decadent and un-German; used by the right to attack the Republic

Communist and Nazi seats in 1930

77 Communist; 107 Nazi

1931 what happened to the German economy

Number of German and Austrian banks go out of business

Unemployment levels Oct 1929- Feb 1932

1.6 million- 6.12 million; 1/3 of the workforce was unemployed

Industrial production 1929-1932

40% of 1929

How did Heinrich Brüning (Chancellor) try to deal with the Great Depression?

Government spending was cut to control inflation and keep exports competitive. Increased taxes, reduced salaries and reduced unemployment assistance

What did Brüning rely on for control?

Article 48 and the emergency powers of the president

Parliament in 1932

Was largely ignored and people thought this was undemocratic

When does Von Papen become chancellor

June 1932

Nazi seats in July 1932

230 seats- 37%- becoming the biggest party

Communist seats 1932

89 seats

When does Von Papen resign, who replaces him?

17th November 1932

Von Schleicher

When does Von Schleicher resign?

28th January 1933

Unemployment of 16-30 year olds 1933

1/2

Who did the Nazis appeal to?

Middle classes and farmers

Membership of NSDAP 1925-1929

50,000-150,000

How did Hitler's appeal work?

-Powerful oratory

-Promise of strong leadership and law and order

-scapegoats (Jews, communists, Weimar politicians)

-fear of communism

-Depression failure

What was the SA?

The Nazi paramilitary wing (Brownshirts) led by Ernst Röhm; protected meetings, disrupted opponents, intimidated voters

How large was the SA by 1932?

Around 400,000

When does Hitler become Chancellor?

30th January 1933

When was Reichstag Fire?

27th February 1933

What was the Reichstag Fire Decree?

28 February 1933; suspended civil liberties and allowed arrests without trial

1st March 1933

Hindenburg passes Protection Law which enables Hitler to shut down the communists

Nazi seats in 1933, March

288, 43%

Enabling Act passed when?

23rd March 1933

When was Gestapo formed?

7th April 1933

Jews banned from government jobs

April 1933

2nd May 1933

Trade Unions were banned and merged into the German Labour Front which allowed Hitler to control the workers

When were All political parties except the Nazis were banned?

14th July 1933

Law for the Encouragement of Marriage

1933

-1000 marks if new brides agreed not to take job

Sterilisation Law

July 1933

-Forced sterilisation of people with hereditary 'defects'; about 350,000 sterilised 1934-35

30th June 1934

The Night of the Long Knives- Ernst Rohm and 100s of SA leaders shot removing opposition to Hitler

Why did Hitler purge the SA in 1934?

Röhm wanted a 'second revolution' and to merge the SA with the army; Hitler needed the army's support

When did Hindenburg die what did Hitler do after this?

2nd August 1934

-Hitler then merged the roles of president and chancellor