AANT316 Joints and Movement

AKA Bony Joint

Immobile

Occurs when a gap in between bones ossifies

Ex: Epiphyses & Diaphysis

Synotosis

AKA Fibrous Joint

Collagen fibers connect articulating bones

Ranges from slightly moveable-immoveable

Synarthrosis

AKA Cartilaginous Joint

2 bones linked by a type of cartilage

Amphiarthrosis

AKA Synovial Joint

Most mobile joints - AKA most structurally complex & prone to dysfunctions

Contains joint cavities filled w/ synovial fluid

Diarthrosis

Type of Cartilaginous joint

Bones bound by hyaline cartilage

Ex: Rib-to-sternum attachment

Sychondroses

Type of cartilaginous joint

Bones bound by fibrocartilage

Ex: pubic symphysis or intervertebral disc

Symphysis

Accessory structure that attaches a muscle to a bone

Tendon

Accessory structure that attaches one bone to another

Ligament

Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

Bursa

Synovial Joint

Only multiaxial joints of the skeleton

Smooth, round head that fits within a cuplike depression

Ex: Shoulder and hip

Ball and socket joint

Synovial joint

Biaxial joint - up/down & side/side

Ex: Metacarpophalangeal joints/atlanto-occipital joint

Condylar joint

Synovial joint

Biaxial joint

Articular surface of each bone is shaped like a saddle

Ex: Sternoclavicular

Saddle joint

Synovial joint

Gliding

Adjacent bones slide over each other

Ex: Carpals & tarsals

Plane joint

Synovial joint

Monaxial joint

One bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament of another

Ex: Radioulnar joint

Pivot joint

Extends from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

prevents backward sliding of the femur and knee hyperextension

ACL

extends from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle

prevents forward sliding of the femur or backward displacement of the tibia

PCL

Extends from medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of tibial shaft

Prevents valgus strain

Tibial Collateral Ligament

Extends from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

Prevents varus strain

Fibular Collateral Ligament