The Book "How to taste coffee" 1

fuel /ˈfjuːəl

Explanation: to make something stronger or more intense.

Synonyms: stimulate, intensify, drive.

Russian: подпитывать, усиливать, стимулировать.

Context: used figuratively when something increases interest, feelings, or activity.

lubricate /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt

Explanation: to make something move smoothly by reducing friction.

Synonyms: oil, grease, smooth.

Russian: смазывать, уменьшать трение.

Context: can describe how liquid affects the sensation of texture in the mouth.

raucous /ˈrɔːkəs/

Explanation: very loud, noisy, and sometimes uncontrolled.

Synonyms: boisterous, rowdy, loud.

Russian: шумный, громкий, буйный.

Context: describes an energetic, noisy atmosphere, such as a busy café.

purveyor /ðə pərˈveɪər/

Explanation: a person or business that supplies or sells something.

Synonyms: supplier, provider, seller.

Russian: поставщик, продавец.

Context: can refer to a business supplying coffee or coffee-related products.

delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

Explanation: very pleasant or enjoyable.

Synonyms: lovely, pleasing, wonderful.

Russian: восхитительный, приятный.

Context: can describe an enjoyable coffee flavor, aroma, or experience.

ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt

Explanation: to start a fire or cause a strong feeling or interest.

Synonyms: spark, kindle, trigger.

Russian: зажигать, пробуждать, разжигать.

Context: often used figuratively for something that awakens curiosity or passion.

firmly /ˈfɜːrmli/

Explanation: in a strong, definite, or steady way.

Synonyms: strongly, securely, resolutely.

Russian: твёрдо, крепко, решительно.

Context: describes holding a belief or doing something with confidence.

stoke /stoʊk/

Explanation: stimulates or increases something, such as excitement or interest.

Synonyms: fuel, spark, intensifie.

Russian: усиливает, подогревает, стимулирует.

Context: may describe something that increases curiosity about coffee or sensory experiences.

particularly /pərˈtɪkjələrli/

Explanation: more than usual or more than others; especially.

Synonyms: especially, notably, specifically.

Russian: особенно, в особенности.

Context: highlights a ___ characteristic or point.

miraculous /mɪˈrækjələs/

Explanation: extremely surprising or wonderful, almost like a miracle.

Synonyms: extraordinary, amazing, remarkable.

Russian: чудесный, поразительный.

Context: describes something that seems surprisingly impressive or difficult to explain.

palate /ˈpælət/

Explanation: the roof of the mouth; also, a person's ability to perceive and appreciate flavors.

Synonyms: taste perception, flavor sensitivity.

Russian: нёбо; вкусовое восприятие.

Context: in coffee tasting, refers to the ability to recognize and evaluate flavors and sensations in the mouth.

strewn /struːn/

Explanation: scattered or spread over an area.

Synonyms: scattered, scattered about, spread.

Russian: разбросанный, усеянный.

Context: describes things distributed across a surface or area.

cues /kjuːz/

Explanation: signs or pieces of information that help someone understand something.

Synonyms: signals, clues, indicators.

Russian: признаки, сигналы, подсказки.

Context: sensory cues such as aroma and color can help guide coffee evaluation.

marvel /ˈmɑːrvəl/

Explanation: to feel great surprise or admiration at something remarkable.

Synonyms: wonder, admire, be amazed.

Russian: удивляться, восхищаться, поражаться.

Context: describes being amazed by the complexity of coffee aromas, flavors, or sensory experiences.

winding /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

Explanation: following a curved or twisting path.

Synonyms: twisting, curving, meandering.

Russian: извилистый, петляющий.

Context: describes a path, route, or figuratively a complicated process.

subtle /ˈsʌtəl/

Explanation: delicate or not immediately obvious.

Synonyms: faint, nuanced, understated.

Russian: тонкий, едва заметный, нюансированный.

Context: in coffee, describes delicate aromas or flavors that require careful attention to notice.

shift /ˈʃɪft/

Explanation: to change or move from one position, state, or direction to another.

Synonyms: change, move, switch.

Russian: смещать(ся), менять(ся), переключать(ся).

Context: in coffee tasting, describes how the perception of flavors or aromas changes as the coffee cools.

acquire /əˈkwaɪər

Explanation: to gain or develop something through experience, practice, or learning.

Synonyms: gain, obtain, develop.

Russian: приобретать, получать, осваивать.

Context: in coffee tasting, sensory skills can be acquired through repeated practice and exposure to different aromas and flavors.

bring out /brɪŋ aʊt

Explanation: to make a quality more noticeable.

Synonyms: reveal, highlight, enhance.

Russian: выявлять, подчёркивать, усиливать.

Context: a brewing method can ___ particular flavors or aromas in coffee.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd

Explanation: to combine things; as a noun, a substance made of two or more elements.

Synonyms: combine, mixture, substance.

Russian: соединять, усугублять; соединение, вещество.

Context: in coffee science, a chemical mixture may contribute to aroma or flavor.

inherent flavour /ɪnˈhɪrənt ˈfleɪvər/

Explanation: a flavor that naturally belongs to something.

Synonyms: natural flavor, intrinsic taste, characteristic flavor.

Russian: присущий вкус, естественный вкусовой профиль.

Context: describes qualities originating in the coffee itself, influenced by variety, growing conditions, and processing.

seek out, sought out /siːk aʊt, sɔːt aʊt

Explanation: to look for something deliberately.

Synonyms: search for, pursue, look for.

Russian: целенаправленно искать, разыскивать.

Context: describes actively looking for particular coffee flavors, experiences, or information.

replicate /ˈreplɪkeɪt

Explanation: to repeat or reproduce something as closely as possible.

Synonyms: reproduce, duplicate, recreate.

Russian: воспроизводить, повторять.

Context: in brewing, means producing similar results under the same conditions.

rigor /ˈrɪɡər/

Explanation: carefulness, accuracy, and strict attention to detail.

Synonyms: precision, thoroughness, strictness.

Russian: строгость, тщательность, точность.

Context: rigorous sensory evaluation follows a careful and consistent method.

contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt

Explanation: to help cause or produce a result.

Synonyms: add to, help, play a part in.

Russian: способствовать, вносить вклад.

Context: acidity, aroma, and body all ___ to the overall coffee experience.

distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

Explanation: clearly different or easy to recognize.

Synonyms: clear, separate, noticeable.

Russian: отчётливый, отдельный, различимый.

Context: describes a clearly recognizable aroma or flavor in coffee.

heft /heft/

Explanation: weight, heaviness, or a feeling of substantial mass.

Synonyms: weight, substance, bulk.

Russian: вес, тяжесть, основательность.

Context: can describe the perceived weight or fullness of a beverage in the mouth.

fragrance /ˈfreɪɡrəns/

Explanation: a pleasant smell.

Synonyms: aroma, scent, perfume.

Russian: аромат, благоухание.

Context: in coffee tasting, often refers to the pleasant smell of dry, freshly ground coffee.

hit over the head with something /hɪt ˈoʊvər ðə hed wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

Explanation: to make something extremely obvious or forcefully noticeable; sometimes literal.

Synonyms: overwhelm, make obvious, force upon.

Russian: буквально — ударить по голове; переносно — навязчиво подчёркивать.

Context: can describe an intense flavor or aroma that is immediately obvious.

enticing /ɪnˈtaɪsɪŋ/

Explanation: attractive or tempting; making someone want something.

Synonyms: appealing, tempting, inviting.

Russian: заманчивый, привлекательный.

Context: describes an aroma or flavor that makes someone want to taste the coffee.

olfaction /ɑːlˈfækʃən/

Explanation: the sense of smell.

Synonyms: smelling, odor perception, sense of smell.

Russian: обоняние.

Context: Key Coffee Term. ___ is essential for detecting coffee aromas and contributes greatly to flavor perception.

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

Explanation: a difference between two or more things.

Synonyms: difference, contrast, separation.

Russian: различие, отличие.

Context: helps ___ related sensory concepts, such as aroma and taste.

whiff /wɪf/

Explanation: a brief or slight smell.

Synonyms: sniff, trace, hint.

Russian: лёгкий запах, дуновение аромата.

Context: a brief smell of freshly ground coffee or a particular aroma note.

prone /proʊn/

Explanation: likely to experience or do something.

Synonyms: susceptible, inclined, liable.

Russian: склонный, подверженный.

Context: someone may be ___ to noticing certain flavors or experiencing particular sensory reactions.

passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

Explanation: a section of written or spoken text; also a route or process of movement.

Synonyms: excerpt, section, stretch.

Russian: отрывок, фрагмент, проход.

Context: in reading, refers to a section of the book being discussed.

trace back /treɪs bæk

Explanation: to discover the origin or cause of something.

Synonyms: track down, identify the source, follow back.

Russian: проследить происхождение, установить источник.

Context: coffee characteristics can sometimes be ___ to origin, variety, processing, or roasting.

gustation /ɡʌˈsteɪʃən/

Explanation: the sense of taste.

Synonyms: taste perception, tasting, sense of taste.

Russian: вкусовое восприятие, чувство вкуса.

Context: Key Coffee Term. __ detects basic tastes such as sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami.

buds /bʌdz/

Explanation: small sensory structures on the tongue and elsewhere in the mouth that contain taste receptor cells.

Synonyms: taste receptors, sensory structures.

Russian: вкусовые почки.

Context: taste __ help detect basic tastes in coffee and other foods.

dissolve /dɪˈzɑːlv

Explanation: to mix into a liquid and become part of it.

Synonyms: disperse, melt into, go into solution.

Russian: растворять(ся).

Context: during brewing, soluble compounds ___ from ground coffee into the water.

astringency /əˈstrɪndʒənsi/

Explanation: a drying, rough, or puckering sensation in the mouth.

Synonyms: dryness, puckering, roughness.

Russian: терпкость, вяжущее ощущение.

Context: Key Coffee Term. In coffee tasting, it can feel like the mouth has become dry or rough, rather than simply tasting bitter.

sensation /senˈseɪʃən/

Explanation: a feeling or experience produced by the senses.

Synonyms: feeling, perception, impression.

Russian: ощущение, восприятие.

Context: can refer to the experience of acidity, warmth, texture, or flavor while tasting coffee.

dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt

Explanation: to gradually disappear or spread out until less noticeable.

Synonyms: fade, disperse, diminish.

Russian: рассеиваться, исчезать, ослабевать.

Context: an aroma or aftertaste may ___ as time passes.

remain /rɪˈmeɪn

Explanation: to continue to exist or stay in the same state or place.

Synonyms: stay, persist, continue.

Russian: оставаться, сохраняться.

Context: describes a flavor or sensation that continues after swallowing coffee.

insoluble solids /ɪnˈsɑːljəbəl ˈsɑːlɪdz/

Explanation: solid particles that cannot dissolve in a liquid.

Synonyms: undissolved particles, suspended solids.

Russian: нерастворимые твёрдые частицы.

Context: in coffee, these particles may remain suspended in the beverage or settle at the bottom, affecting texture.

ensnare /ɪnˈsner

Explanation: to catch or trap someone or something.

Synonyms: trap, capture, entangle.

Russian: заманивать в ловушку, запутывать.

Context: often used figuratively when something captures a person's attention or interest.

savoring /ˈseɪvərɪŋ/

Explanation: enjoying something slowly and fully, paying attention to its qualities.

Synonyms: enjoying, appreciating, relishing.

Russian: смакование, наслаждение вкусом.

Context: in coffee tasting, means consciously enjoying each sip while noticing flavor, aroma, mouthfeel, and aftertaste. American spelling.

linger /ˈlɪŋɡər/

Explanation: to remain or continue for longer than expected.

Synonyms: persist, remain, last.

Russian: задерживаться, сохраняться, долго не исчезать.

Context: in coffee tasting, describes a flavor or sensation that continues in the mouth after swallowing, contributing to the aftertaste.

chemesthesis /ˌkiːməsˈθiːsɪs/

Explanation: the perception of chemical sensations such as burning, cooling, tingling, or irritation through sensory nerves.

Synonyms: chemical sensation, chemical sensitivity.

Russian: хеместезия, восприятие химических ощущений.

Context: describes sensations such as the warming effect of chili or the cooling sensation of menthol; in coffee, it may relate to tingling or irritation in the mouth.

descriptive testing /dɪˈskrɪptɪv ˈtestɪŋ/

Explanation: a method of sensory evaluation used to identify and describe a product’s qualities.

Synonyms: sensory profiling, sensory analysis, descriptive evaluation.

Russian: описательное тестирование, описательный сенсорный анализ.

Context: tasters describe coffee characteristics such as aroma, acidity, sweetness, bitterness, body, and aftertaste rather than simply saying whether they like it.

sensor modality /ˈsensər moʊˈdæləti/

Explanation: a particular type of sensory experience or way of detecting information through a sense.

Synonyms: sensory channel, sensory mode, sense.

Russian: сенсорная модальность, канал восприятия.

Context: refers to the sense used to assess coffee, such as smell for aroma, taste for flavor, or touch for mouthfeel.

sensor references /ˈsensər ˈrefərənsɪz/

Explanation: familiar examples or standards used to identify and describe sensory experiences.

Synonyms: sensory benchmarks, reference points, comparison standards.

Russian: сенсорные эталоны, ориентиры для описания ощущений.

Context: familiar smells and tastes, such as lemon, chocolate, or jasmine, help tasters recognize and describe similar characteristics in coffee.

predispose /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

Explanation: to make someone more likely to think, feel, or behave in a particular way.

Synonyms: incline, influence, make susceptible.

Russian: предрасполагать, создавать склонность.

Context: in sensory perception, genetics and past experiences can predispose people to prefer certain flavors or react differently to tastes.

threshold /ˈθreʃhoʊld/

Explanation: the point at which a sensation becomes strong enough to be noticed or detected.

Synonyms: limit, boundary, cutoff point.

Russian: порог, порог чувствительности.

Context: in sensory evaluation, a detection threshold is the minimum intensity at which a person can perceive a stimulus, such as a coffee aroma or taste.

volatile compounds /ˈvɑːlətəl ˈkɑːmpaʊndz/

Explanation: chemical substances that easily evaporate and release molecules into the air.

Synonyms: volatile substances, aroma compounds, aromatic chemicals.

Russian: летучие соединения, ароматические вещества.

Context: Key Coffee Term. These ___ contribute to coffee’s aroma and reach the nose through the air, especially when coffee is freshly ground or brewed.