econ-110 midterm

In this course, the global majority is defined as

about 85 percent of the world’s population living in low- and middle-income countries

Based on Sternberg (2012), the story of Centralia, Pennsylvania is about

a re-emerging fire in an abandoned coal mine in Centralia, PA

Please mark the answer that is not a typical dimension to differentiate between

developing and industrialized countries.

level of GDP

Please mark the answer that is not used to determine a Least Developed Country (LDC)

the low GDP criterion

Please mark the incorrect statement. Ethical reasoning assumes that

most human behavior has no consequences for the welfare of others

When we compare income per capita across industrialized and developing countries, it is important to express income per capita in purchasing power parity because

prices of goods and services are typically lower in developing countries

Please mark the correct answer. Astroulakis (2013) states that in order to combine ethics and development, two scientific fields are fundamental:

ethical theory and political economy

Please mark the correct statement. Two pioneers of development ethics are:

Louis Lebret and Denis Goulet

Please mark the correct statement. Goulet’s central question is:

What are the requirements for a good life and a good society in the modern world?

Please mark the incorrect statement.

Lebret strongly supported socialism/communism

Please mark the wrong statement. Ethics is not (or at least not necessarily)

referring to standards that tell us how human beings ought to act

Please mark the wrong statement. The Utilitarian Approach of ethics

examines which action best protects and respects the moral rights of those affected

Please mark the wrong statement. The Markkula Center’s framework for ethical decision making includes:

Asking yourself: What kind of person will I become if I do this?

Please mark the correct statement. There are different approaches/lenses of ethical decision making. The implication of what to do is

typically lead to similar answers

Please mark the correct statement.

None of the statements above or below are correct

Please mark the incorrect statement. After WWII,

imperial intervention accelerated as it was clear that previous interventions were insufficient

GDP per capita growth can be calculated by:

deducting population growth from GDP growth

Please mark the answer which is not a negative side effect of economic growth.

increase in poverty

The globalization process (the drivers of globalization) can be split into two parts: the first part concerns factors that are related to new technologies, the second aspect of the globalization process concerns an increase in:

the homogenization of policies and institutions across the world

Please mark the correct answer.

From 1986 to 2008, the world experienced an overall gradual integration of national economies.

Based on the HDR 2000, the common denominator of human development and human rights is:

human freedom

Based on the HDR 2000, which of the following is not one of the seven key features needed for a broader approach to securing human rights?

Access to safe water

The HDI is based on the following 3 dimensions of human development:

a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living

Please mark the incorrect statement.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was preceded by the adoption of various Human Rights Conventions.

Following the main text of the Overview chapter of the HDR 2000, the chapter provides (in addition to a glossary) the following:

the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

The United Nations was founded:

After World War II

The General Assembly’s assessment for each member’s financial contribution is broadly based on the relative capacity to pay, as measured by each country’s GNI, with adjustments made for a country’s:

per capita income

The two major arguments proposed by Thomas Pogge (and as covered in Risse, 2005), for why the global order hurts the poor are:

Uncompensated Exclusion and Shared Institutions

Risse (2005) argues that the concept of Uncompensated Exclusion (from resources) cannot be a reason for how the poor are harmed by the global order because

resources do not determine if a country is poor or rich

Risse (2005) argues that the Global Order harms the poor due to

Shared Institutions

Based on the WDR 2000/2001, at the turn of the Millennium,

about half of the world’s population earns less than $2 a day while about one fifth of the world’s population earns less than $1 a day

Currently, most of poor people living in extreme poverty (below $1.90 a day) are located in:

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

The WDR 2000/2001 has summarized a strategy to reduce poverty by

Promoting opportunity, facilitating empowerment, and enhancing security

Please mark the statement that is the most consistent to the World Bank’s definition.

Empowerment is a process of increasing the capacity of individuals to make choices

The “poverty headcount ratio” is defined as

the percentage of the population living below a certain $ amount a day

According to Barrientos et al. (2016),

Shared values define social arrangements

Barrientos et al. (2016) refer to “the shared values that define the social arrangements and institutions” as

ethical perspectives

Barrientos et al. (2016) refer to “ethics of poverty reduction” as the ___________ used to justify how and why we assist people living in poverty

most basic arguments and processes

Please mark the incorrect statement. One of the ethical perspectives, which is capable of illuminating poverty issues, is referred to as the

integrated perspective

Mark the statement that is not one of the three types/levels of anti-poverty programs.

income transfers combined with food provisions

Based on the world’s average income per capita (world GDP divided by world population),

the average daily income of a person is currently about $34

The traditional efficiency argument is that a certain amount of _________ is needed to encourage people to work hard.

inequality

Please mark the answer that is not one of the Philosophers conclusions about the desirability of equality.

One approach starts from the premise of a social contract: the social contract implies inequality as people have different skills

There are efficiency arguments

for and against vertical inequality

Please mark the incorrect statement.

The Gini coefficient is not sensitive to income transfers from rich to poor people.

Please mark the correct statement.

Wealth inequality is far higher than income inequality

The statement: “The poorest are better off with inequality than with equality.” is …

an ethical debate

According to Oxfam (2014), the two most powerful drivers of inequality are

market fundamentalism and the capture of power by economic elites

Please mark the statement that is not an effective way to end extreme inequality according to Oxfam (2014):

provide more jobs to poor people

Please mark the incorrect statement. Oxfam comes to the conclusion that today’s extreme inequality

is necessary to reward talent

Please mark the incorrect statement. The world’s population continues to grow,

but is expected to reach a maximum around 2050

Please mark the correct statement about fertility (defined as children born per woman in about half of the least developed countries:

average fertility exceeds five children per woman

Please mark the answer that does not constitute a key intervention to curb population growth.

Decrease donor funding for family planning

Which of the following is not one of the hazards referred to by Nierenberg (2002)?

Child mortality

Mark the statement that is not consistent with Nierenberg (2002).

Providing modern contraceptives is essentially the same as promoting abortion

Please mark the statement that is not one of Mitchell’s necessary ingredients for an ethical approach to development for women.

The need to make all abortions safe in all countries

Please mark the statement that is not one of the issues that makes some development projects unethical for women:

neglecting maternal mortality

Please mark the incorrect statement: With regards to Women in Development:

The Equity Approach focuses on economic equity, but ignores issues of political, social, cultural and legal nature

According to Mitchell (1994), the Empowerment Approach

recognizes the need for women to gain power over their lives through changing unjust practices, which work to oppress women in a structural sense

Which of the following statements is not consistent with the opinion of Suzette Mitchell (1994)?

In many cases, mainstream development has undermined traditional power relations between women and men to the detriment of the women