3) How did Lenins policies impact young people

Aims: purpose of education

• essential part of building socialism

• educated workforce

• lunacharsky: people commisal of enlightenment'

• revolution should liberate students

early policies

• unified labour schools to provide free polytechnics

• education to all children 8-17

• banned religious instructions in school

• co-educational schools

• abolished corporal punishment, homework and exams

• free breakfasts and free medical examinations

• education compulsory

• secondary designed to be vocational

• factory schools- factory learning schools

• professional schools- normal schools

how successful

• under civil war there was insufficent resources

• free compulsory education not achieved until 1950s

• did not have resources to provide free school meals or medical examinations

• continued to use traditional methods

impact of NEP

• forced schools to close to save money

• fees for primary/ secondary education for all except poorest

• number of children halved in education

• 1927: fees abolished

• four year primary education

• teachers still traditional

number of children in school

1928: 60% of primary school children in school excluding countryside

number of children paying for fees

97% of child```

youth- formation of komsomol

• way for young people to express support for communist part

• 1922: young pioneers established to cater ages 10-15

• 1918: komsomol for ages 16-28

• wore uniform, camped, hiked

• talks from local factory workers, soldiers, farmers

• distributed leaflets, posters, anti-religious campaigns

• reputation for drunkenes, promiscuity, hooliganism

• 1926: directive to discourage drinking, dancing, sex

decree on illiteracy 1919

• all illterate people to learn to read and write

• gave govt right to conscript literate people into education system to teach

literacy rates

1918: 50% literate

1921:86% literate

1928: 55% of peasants literate

literacy impacts

• 615 million textbooks which taught alphabet

• war disrupted impacts

• schools requistioned

• 1920: 1 pencil for every 60 student

• 1926: metal workers union literacy rate up to 96%

• harder for peasants