Water, Solutions, and Hydrated Salts

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the properties of water, solution types and conditions, hydrated salts, crystallisation, efflorescence, and hygroscopy.

The molecular formula of water is __________.

$$H_2O$$

It was first proved by __________ that water is not an element, but a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.

Henry Cavendish

In water, hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the ratio of __________ by volume.

$$2:1$$

River, lake, ocean, and seawater are surface waters covering __________ of the Earth's surface.

$$\frac{3}{4}\text{th}$$

Human blood is composed of __________ water.

$$90\%$$

Life is believed to have started in the ocean in the form of unicellular organisms such as __________.

bacteria and fungi

All living matter contains __________ water.

$$70\% \text{ to } 90\%$$

Among all substances, water has the highest __________.

specific heat capacity

Water is described as a __________ because it dissolves most inorganic compounds, some organic compounds, and a large number of gases and liquids.

universal solvent

A substance that dissolves in a liquid is known as a __________.

solute

A liquid that dissolves other substances in it is called a __________.

solvent

A homogenous mixture formed by the dissolution of a solute and a solvent is called a __________.

solution

A solution that contains less than the soluble amount of solute at a particular temperature and is stable is an __________ solution.

unsaturated

A solution that contains just the soluble amount of solute at a particular temperature and is stable is a __________ solution.

saturated

A solution that contains more than the soluble amount of solute at a particular temperature and is metastable is a __________ solution.

supersaturated

To assist in dissolving a solute quickly, the temperature of the solvent should be __________.

high

For a solute to dissolve quickly, it should be in the form of fine __________.

powder

Definite numbers of water molecules that unite loosely with crystalline salts when separating from saturated solutions are known as __________.

water of crystallisation

A hydrated salt that is heated strongly loses its water of crystallisation to become an __________ salt.

anhydrous

The process of forming solute salt crystals by cooling a hot saturated solution to room temperature is called __________.

crystallisation

Certain hydrated salts that spontaneously lose their water of crystallisation on exposure to air are termed __________ substances.

efflorescent

Examples of efflorescent substances include Blue vitriol, Green vitriol, and __________.

Washing soda

Substances that absorb atmospheric moisture when exposed to moist air, but not enough to dissolve in it, are known as __________ substances.

hygroscopic

The phenomenon in which a substance absorbs moisture from the air without dissolving in it is called __________.

hygroscopy