Spanish Language, Grammar, and Course Guidelines

Vocabulary flashcards detailing course requirements, study techniques, object pronouns, and verbs functioning like gustar.

Cognate

A word that is similar in both languages, such as the Spanish word pantalones for pants.

Course Attendance Policy Thresholds

The syllabus policy permitting students $3$ undocumented absences before lowering the final grade starting on the $4\text{th}$ absence (up to a maximum of $10$ points), with a mandatory course failure on the $12\text{th}$ undocumented absence.

VHL Lesson 6 Penalty

A late penalty deduction of $10$% per calendar day for all Lesson 6 activities not submitted by Friday at $11:59\,\text{PM}$.

Certificate in Spanish for the Professions

A $13$-credit program equipping students with advanced Spanish communication skills and cultural competencies for professional, workplace, and bilingual settings.

Indirect Object Pronoun

A pronoun identifying to whom or for whom an action is performed, using the forms me, te, le, nos, os, and les.

Direct Object Pronoun

A pronoun that replaces the noun receiving the direct action of the verb, using the forms me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, and las.

Redundant Indirect Object Pronoun Rule

The Spanish grammatical requirement to retain the indirect object pronoun in the sentence to maintain agreement even when the explicit indirect object noun phrase is already stated.

Object Pronoun Placement Rules

The grammatical rule stating that object pronouns must be placed either before a conjugated verb or attached directly to the end of an infinitive or present participle.

Verbs like Gustar

A class of verbs conjugated exclusively in the third-person singular or third-person plural forms (such as gusta or gustan) rather than conjugated across all subject persons.

Third-Person Singular with Gustar-type Verbs

The verb form used whenever the following subject is a singular noun, a single infinitive verb, or a series of infinitives.

Third-Person Plural with Gustar-type Verbs

The verb form used whenever the following subject is a plural noun.

Molestar

A verb operating like gustar that specifically translates to "to bother" (not "to molest").

Lola Mnemonic

A memory device utilizing the name "Lola" to associate the letters lo and la with direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las), distinguishing them from indirect object pronouns (le, les).

Decir (yo digo)

A Spanish verb meaning to say or tell that features an irregular "yo-go" form (digo) and an e-to-i stem change.

Prepositional Pronoun Partners

Phrases formed with the preposition a (such as a mí, a ti, or a él) that pair with and reinforce corresponding indirect object pronouns.