PNB Exam 3 flashcards part 1

White vs Grey Matter

Tunneling nanotubes

membrane projections connecting neurons

ganglia

collection of neurons with same function in same physical space outside the CNS

CNS composition

Circuits

anatomical and functional connections between neurons

Multipolar neuron

common CNS neuron with single axon, short dendrites

Pyramidal Neuron

common, largest CNS neurons, multiple long axons and long dendrites.

Neuroglia

Non-neuronal cells within the CNS

meninges

multiple connective tissue layer

Dura Mater

Dural venous sinus

drainage system allowing CSF to re-enter blood

Subdural Hematoma

Arachnoid Mater

Pia mater

Meningitis

Vascularization of the CNS.

Anastomose

fusion of blood vessels

Circle of Willis

Brain Interstitital Space

Blood-Brain Barrier

Neurovascular Unit

The neurovascular unit (NVU) describes how neurons, glial cells, and blood vessel cells work together to regulate blood flow and the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Selectivity of Blood-Brain barrier

CSF Hydrophobic diffusion, what about hydrophillic

ISF vs Plasma

CSF properties and fxn

CSF Production

Ependymal cells

Choroid Plexus

a specialized network of modified ependymal cells, capillaries, and loose connective tissue located within the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain

CSF Circulatory Path

CSF compositon, total volume and daily production

CONSTANTLY CYCLED.

Sleep and CSF circulation

Some of Neuroglia’s fxnality

Oligodendrocytes

Cerebral Palsy

loss of CNS oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes

Microglia

Radial Glia

Convergent Neuronal Circuit

Divergent Neuronal Circuit

Rythmic generating circuit

Complex Circuits

Growth cone Filopodia

Chemotaxis are the “bread crumbs”.

sMRI

DTI

molecules moving randomly because of thermal energy is called brownian motion, however white axon projections restrict H2O movement, and allow for DTI to work.

fMRI

blood flow changes follows neuronal activity.

EEG

Lateral vs Longtitudinal Fissures

Gyri, sulci, fissures

Surface gyri (ridges), sulci (valleys) and fissures (deeper grooves)

Anatomical Regions of the Brain

Cortex Physiology

3 Major parts of Prefrontal Cortex

Primary motor cortex, name of motor cells, and group of muscles controlled by fibers.

Parietal Lobe

Proprioception

awareness of physical structures in 3-dimensional space and in relation to each other

Temporal Lobe

Primary Language Areas

Aphasia

Brain lateralization

If there is delay in transferring info from one side to another, it is smarter to just keep it dominant on one side

3 types of Fiber Types