Kurikulum Pendidikan Pemandu (KPP) Motokar dan Motosikal

Flashcards covering the Malaysian Driver Education Curriculum (KPP) for cars and motorcycles, including license classes, traffic signs, KEJARA demerit system, and defensive driving techniques.

Akta Pengangkutan Jalan 1987

The Malaysian law that provides for the regulation of motor vehicles, traffic on roads, and other matters regarding roads and vehicles.

Section 26(1) of the Road Transport Act 1987

Prohibits any person from driving a motor vehicle on a road unless they hold a valid driving license for that specific class of vehicle.

Minimum age for Motorcycle License

16 years old.

Minimum age for Car License (Motokar)

17 years old.

Minimum age for Other Vehicles (e.g., heavy vehicles)

21 years old.

Health Qualification for License

Includes being physically fit, having the ability to see forward up to a distance of $23\,meters$, and not being color blind.

Learner's Driving License (LDL)

A license issued to allow an individual to learn to drive before being permitted to undergo a practical test.

Probationary Driving License (PDL)

A license issued for a 2-year probationary period after passing all competency tests.

Competent Driving License (CDL)

A full driving license issued after the 2-year probationary period ends without being disqualified.

International Driving Permit (IDP)

A document allowing Malaysians to drive in foreign countries that are signatories to the Geneva Convention 1949 or Vienna Convention 1968.

Class A License

License for Disabled Persons' Vehicles (Motorcycle) with an unladen weight not exceeding $450\,kg$.

Class B License

License for Motorcycles exceeding $500\,sp$.

Class B2 License

License for Motorcycles not exceeding $250\,sp$.

Class D License

License for Cars with an unladen weight not exceeding $3500\,kg$.

Class DA License

License for Cars without a clutch pedal (Automatic) with an unladen weight not exceeding $3500\,kg$.

Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU)

Individuals with long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that may hinder their full participation in society.

Warning Sign (Isyarat Bahaya)

Diamond-shaped signs, usually yellow and red, used to warn road users of hazards.

Regulatory Prohibitive Sign (Isyarat Larangan)

Red signs in round, hexagonal, triangular, or square shapes that indicate prohibited actions.

Regulatory Mandatory Sign (Isyarat Mandatori)

Round signs (red or blue) or square blue signs that indicate compulsory directions or actions.

Lampu Isyarat: MERAH

Means "STOP". Vehicles must stop behind the stop line.

Lampu Isyarat: JINGGA

Means "STOP UNLESS YOU HAVE CROSSED THE LINE". Indicates a transition to red.

Hazard

Any element that has the potential to cause danger or lead to a collision.

Kajian MIROS 2017

A study that detailed categories and examples of hazards likely to be faced by motorcycle riders in Malaysia.

Collision (Perlanggaran)

Defined under APJ 1987 Section 2 as an accident or incident causing damage or injury to persons, property, vehicles, structures, or animals.

KEJARA System

Sistem Keselamatan Jalan Raya; a procedure for awarding demerit points to drivers who commit scheduled traffic offenses.

KEJARA Penalty for 20 Demerit Points (1st time)

Warning (Amaran).

KEJARA Penalty for 20 Demerit Points (2nd time)

Suspension of driving license for 6 to 8 months.

Defensive Driving (Pemanduan Berhemah)

Driving that can avoid and save oneself from accidents even if the fault lies with other road users.

IPDA Technique

A defensive driving technique consisting of Identify, Predict, Decide, and Act.

C.I.T.O Routine

Standard safety routine: Cermin (Mirrors), Isyarat (Signals), Titik Buta (Blind spot), and Olah Gerak (Maneuvered).

Blind Spot (Titik Buta)

Areas to the left and right of the vehicle that are hidden from the driver's direct vision and mirrors.

$$2-Second\,Rule$$

A technique used to determine a safe following distance from the vehicle in front during normal conditions.

$$4-Second\,Rule$$

A following distance rule used when towing heavy loads or during bad weather and slippery road conditions.

Aquaplaning (Wedge formation)

A phenomenon where tires lose contact with the road surface due to a layer of water, causing the vehicle to skid.

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

A safety system that prevents wheels from locking during braking, maintaining steering control.

Supplementary Restraint System (Airbag)

A passive safety feature designed to protect the head, chest, and neck during high-impact collisions.

Child Restraint (Booster Seat)

A safety seat for children aged 4 to 11 years (weight $15\,kg$ to $36\,kg$) to ensure adult seatbelts fit correctly.

Malaysian Standard (MS 1)

The safety certification standard required for motorcycle helmets in Malaysia.