Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The Basics - sixth edition (chapter 2)

Communication

the process of exchanging information with others

Verbal communication

communication that uses written or spoken words

Nonverbal communication

communication without the use of words (body language).

Objective Information

factual information that is based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells. this type of information is collected by using the senses.

subjective information

Information that a person cannot or did not observe. this is based on something the resident reported and may or may not be true.

incontinence

the inability to control the bladder or bowels.

what is a root of a word

The part of the word that contains its basic meaning

What is a prefix?

this is the word part that comes before the root to help form a new word

What is a suffix?

this is a word part added to the end of a root that helps form a new word.

where should the call lights be placed in a residents room

They should be placed in the bathrooms and room and they should be placed within reach of the resident.

Clichés

phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything

What should you do if the resident speaks a different language

-speak slowly and clearly

-keep messages short and simple

-be alert for words the resident understands and signs that the resident is only pretending to understand

-if the resident prefers to communicate in their native language get them an interpreter

What are defense mechanisms?

unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress

What is impairment?

this is the loss of a function or ability; it can be partial or complete loss.

How to speak with a resident with hearing impairment

-if they have a hearing aid make sure its on

-reduce/remove background noise

-get the resident's attention before speaking. DON'T startle them by approaching from behind

-speak clearly, slowly, and in good lighting

-use short sentences and simple words

How do you properly deal with a resident with vision impairment?

-Encourage the use of eyeglasses or contact lenses if worn

-Make sure the residents eyeglasses are clean

-Knock on the door and identify yourself as soon as you enter the room.

-Make sure to face the resident when speaking

-make sure to leave the call light within reach and tell them where the call light is

-if the resident needs guidance in getting around walk slightly ahead. Let the resident touch or grasp your arm lightly. walk at the resident's pace, not yours.

How to communicate with a resident with a mental health disorder

-don't talk to adults as if they were children

-use simple, clear statements

-be sure that what you day and how you say it show respect and concern

-avoid arguments

-maintain eye contact and listen carefully

How to handle combative behavior

-block physical blows or step out of the way, but never hit back

-allow the resident time to calm down before the next interaction

-remain clam

-be flexible and patient

-stay neutral

-be reassuring a supportive

-report all inappropriate behavior to the nurse

Body mechanics

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

Why should an NA arrange a signal, such as counting to 3, when moving a resident.

So everyone moves together and it limits confusion.

What is an NA's first concern if a fire occurs

Getting residents to safety

what does PASS stand for

P-pull

A-aim

S-squeeze the handle

S-sweep back and forth at the base of the fire

What does RACE stand for

R - rescue

A - activate the alarm

C - contain the fire

E - extinguish the fire

Explain Stop, Drop, and Roll

-Stop running and stay still

-drop to the ground, laying down if possible

-roll on the ground to extinguish the flames

What are the guidelines to follow in any disaster

-remain calm

-know the locations of exits and stairways

-know where the fire alarms and extinguishers are located

-know the appropriate action to take in any situation

-use the internet to stay informed

what is first aid

care given by the first people to respond to an emergency

if an emergency occurs, the NA should immediately notify the...

Nurse

where should the arms be placed to give abdominal thrusts

under the person's arms and around their waist

Signs of shock include

Pale, bluish, or discolored skin

To control bleeding, an NA should

Hold a thick pad against the wound and press down hard

When a resident is first experiencing signs of insulin reaction, what needs to happen

the resident needs to eat food that can be rapidly absorbed or a glucose tablet should be consumed

Centers for disease control and prevention defines hand hygiene as

hand washing with soap and water or using alcohol based hand rubs

Standard precautions include

wearing gloves if there is a possibility of coming in contact with blood or other body fluids

What do you called infections acquired in healthcare settings

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs)

How long should an NA lather their hands when hand washing

20 seconds

How should dirty linen be rolled or folded

The dirty area should be inside

How should you carry dirty linens

away from the NA's uniform

What does dedicated equipment refer to

equipment that is only used by only on resident

How are bloodborne diseases transmitted?

By infected blood entering the bloodstream, or if infected semen or vaginal secretions contact mucous membranes.

What is the most common way to get a bloodborne disease in the healthcare setting

coming in contact with infected blood or certain body fluids

Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect NAs from

hepatitis B

What is tuberculosis?

An airborne disease

What can contribute significantly to the spread of covid 19

being in an enclosed space with poor ventilation

What is the correct order for donning PPE

-wash hands

-gown

-mask

-goggles

-gloves

What is the correct order for doffing PPE

-remove gloves

-remove goggles

-remove gown

-remove mask

-wash hands

How can you spread Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

through indirect contact by touching objects contaminated by a person who has MRSA