chp1

Cognitive-behavior therapy

A collaborative and educative form of therapy emphasizing behavioral changes in patients.

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A complex disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that doesn't improve with rest.

Randomized controlled trial

An experiment in which subjects are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.

Bias

A systematic error that leads to an incorrect estimation of a parameter.

Observational study

A study where researchers collect data without manipulating variables.

Dependent variable

The outcome variable that researchers are trying to explain or predict.

Independent variable

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Sampling bias

A distortion in the sampling process that leads to a non-representative sample.

Placebo effect

Improvement in patients that occurs due to their belief they are receiving treatment.

Double-blind trial

An experimental procedure where both the participants and the experimenters are unaware of group assignments.

Generalizability

The extent to which findings from a study can be applied to a broader population.

Data matrix

A structure that organizes data collected on various variables.

Exploratory analysis

An initial analysis of data to summarize its main characteristics.

Causal inference

A process of drawing a conclusion about a causal connection based on the data.

Cluster sampling

A sampling technique where entire groups are randomly selected to participate.

Stratified sampling

A sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups and randomly sampling from each.